With the increasing number of agricultural vehicles in China, small tractors and agricultural vehicles have become popular, but many farmers know little about the technical knowledge of the use of fuel for agricultural vehicles . In order to allow more people to understand and master this knowledge, the following five technical materials for the selection of agricultural vehicles are listed below for reference only.
1. Diesel
Diesel is the main fuel of the tractor. According to its different freezing point, it is divided into two kinds: heavy diesel oil and light diesel oil. Generally, high-speed diesel engines for agricultural use mostly use light diesel oil. Heavy diesel has +20 (also called agricultural diesel). There are five types of light diesel: +10, 0, 10, 20, and 35. The number indicates the temperature of the freezing point (for convenience, the plus sign “+†indicating that the specified freezing point is above zero degrees Celsius, and the freezing point at or below zero degrees Celsius shall be unsigned. For example, “negative number 10†is marked as “number 10â€. "," does not add "negative" in front of it, and "itl0 number", it is recorded as "+10"). The price of oil is "positive sign" oil is cheaper than "negative sign" oil. The larger the negative number, the higher the price. The larger the positive number, the cheaper the price. Therefore, diesel must be reasonably selected. In general, the +20 agricultural diesel can be used in summer. In winter, diesel No. 10, No. 20 or No. 35 can be used depending on the temperature.
2. Oil
The engine oil is divided into diesel engine oil and vehicle oil (also called gasoline engine oil). The diesel engine oil is divided into three grades of No. 8, No. 11 and No. 14 according to the viscosity. The higher the number, the greater the viscosity. Generally used in the summer of the larger viscosity of No. 11 or No. 14 engine oil. Use less viscous oil on the 8th in winter. Note: Do not use vegetable oil as oil, otherwise it will cause serious damage.
The oil change period of the tractor is generally stipulated in the manufacturer's instruction manual. However, according to the experience of use, it is better to perform oil quality identification before the oil change, so as to avoid premature oil change, resulting in waste, too late, and increase part wear.
The identification method is as follows.
1 Observe the changes in both the new oil and the required oil on the white filter paper. If there are more black spots in the oil droplets that need to be changed, it indicates that the engine oil has not deteriorated and can continue to be used; if the engine oil is dark brown and uniform with no black spots, it indicates that the engine oil has deteriorated and should be replaced.
2 Using two glass tubes with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 200 mm, send a new 190 mm engine oil and oil to be replaced. After sealing the mouth, both tubes are inverted at the same time. Record the rising time of the bubbles. If the difference between the two exceeds 20%, it means that the viscosity of the oil to be changed has decreased too much. The new oil should be replaced (the above two methods can be used for reference).
3. Gear Oil
Gear oil is used to lubricate tractors (automobiles) with heavy-duty gears and bearings. Gear oils are available in sizes 30 and 20. In the summer, use the 20th gear oil, the viscosity is small (freezing point of the 20th gear oil is not higher than minus 20 °C. Note: It is not allowed to mix the diesel oil or kerosene in the gear oil to reduce the viscosity, which will destroy the lubricating performance of the gear, increasing Gear wear.
4. Grease (butter)
Grease is also called butter. Greases are classified into calcium-based greases (insoluble in water, low in melting temperature), sodium-based greases (soluble in water, higher in melting temperature), and calcium-sodium-based greases ( The performance is between the calcium-based grease and the sodium-based grease, which has both a certain heat resistance and a certain water resistance). In addition to generators using sodium-based grease, hand-held tractors generally use calcium-based grease, which is divided into five grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The larger the number, the harder the grease and the better the heat resistance. some. Therefore, when the number is selected, the higher number is generally used in summer and when the working temperature is high and the load is large. In winter and low working hours, lower numbers are used.
5. gasoline
Gasoline is divided into three categories: gasoline for motor vehicles (for gasoline engines), gasoline for solvent (for industrial solvents and washing machines), and aviation gasoline. Gasoline is divided into 66, 70, 80, and 90 by octane number. The higher the number, the greater the anti-knocking ability and the smoother the engine's work, but the price is higher. Gasoline 70 is generally used on agricultural small gasoline engines.
Note: In order to improve the anti-knock performance of gasoline engines, anti-knock agents (tetraethyl lead) are often added to vehicle gasoline. It is pinkish in color, toxic, and should be used with care. Do not inhale respiratory organs and immerse in skin.
Pulverizers are machines that pulverize large solid materials to the required size.
According to the size of the crushed material or the crushed material, the mill can be divided into coarse crusher, medium crusher, fine mill and superfine mill. There are four kinds of external forces applied to the solid in the grinding process: pressing, cutting, impact and grinding. Press rolling is mainly used in coarse and medium crushing, suitable for the crushing of hard materials and bulk materials. Shearing is mainly used in fine crushing, suitable for the crushing of ductile materials. Impact is mainly used in medium crushing, fine grinding, ultrafine grinding, suitable for crushing brittle materials. Grinding mainly in fine grinding, ultrafine grinding, suitable for small pieces and fine particles.
The crusher makes use of the high speed relative motion of the movable tooth plate and the fixed tooth plate, so that the crushed object can be crushed by the comprehensive action of tooth impact, friction and the impact between the materials. The crusher is suitable for crushing Chinese herbs, precious medicinal materials, ores and chemical raw materials in small batches in various varieties, alloys, metallurgy, geology, scientific research and other units.
The pulverizer machine has the advantages of simple structure, solid, stable operation and good crushing effect. The pulverized material can be discharged directly from the grinding chamber of the main machine. The particle size can be obtained by replacing the mesh screen with different aperture. The powder collecting chamber adopts the completely closed silencer structure, which can effectively reduce the working noise. In addition the machine is all stainless steel. The inner wall of the casing is machined to achieve smooth surface, which changes the phenomenon of rough inner wall and powder accumulation of the previous models, so that the production of drugs, food, chemical industry and so on is more in line with national standards and meet the requirements of GMP.
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