With the development of electronic technology, car lighting has also been given more missions and roles. People want it to be bright, safe, yet energy efficient, beautiful and durable. Car manufacturers and related research groups are always looking for better solutions. Correspondingly, car headlights have also experienced halogen, xenon to LED, and more. The epoch-making laser headlight technology.
Before the formal discussion of automotive laser headlight technology, it is necessary to simply laser light illumination. First of all, it is not new to use lasers for lighting. It is around you and me. In fact, the laser diode (LaserDiode), which is a laser headlight, and our more familiar light-emitting diode (LED) were born in the same era, and they are widely used. People use it to measure, communicate, process and even medical surgery and performance. entertainment.
However, the use of laser diodes as a headlight source for automobiles is indeed an idea that has been proposed in recent years. Currently, only BMW and Audi brands have announced their plans for use. In fact, this implementation process is more complicated than what we saw in science fiction movies. Even at the beginning of development, many optical research institutions are not optimistic about this project, questioning the narrow spot and stability considerations mainly from lasers. . At the same time, another limitation of laser illumination is the very narrow light output: the red, blue, green and yellow wavelengths do not produce good color rendering. In general, the laser source does not easily form a sheet-like illumination area, and the achievable color is very limited.
The first to propose feasibility and solutions were BMW and the Sandia National Laboratory in the United States. They used a combination of blue, red, green and yellow light sources to create a white light source comparable to that produced by ordinary illuminators. It solves the problem of poor quality of white light color rendering by laser diode lasers, and the laboratory has also done a lot of experiments on user preferences. They hope that volunteers can express their preferences for different objects under different light sources. The conclusion is : The performance of laser lighting is satisfactory. Finally, the laser headlights were applied to the BMW i8 concept car.
What is the US Sandia National Laboratory?
In terms of structure, SandiaNational Laboratories is a multi-program high-tech laboratory jointly managed by the US Department of Energy and Sandia Corporation (one of the subsidiaries of AT&T), based in Livermore, California. (Livermore). Laboratory research projects cover a wide range of topics, including nuclear material development, electrical systems, fossil energy, and related environmental waste treatment.
Since it is so laborious, why do brands such as BMW and Audi still respect this lighting technology? First of all, laser headlights have the main advantages of LED headlights, such as fast response, low brightness attenuation, small size, low energy consumption, long life and so on. In addition, the more obvious benefit than LED headlights is that the laser headlight assembly is smaller (the length of a single laser diode component can be 10 microns, which is only 1/100 of the size of a conventional LED component), which means It gives the car designer more space for the front face design; more importantly, the laser headlights are more efficient (the LED light output is about 100 lumens per watt, and the laser illumination is about 170 lumens / At the same time, it also better solves the problems of lighting heat and weight, which may bring revolutionary impact to future car design. Just like the BMW i8 advertising word: nowwithlaserheadlights (now the era of laser headlights).
In addition, LED headlights require a very complicated cooling system (LED headlights need to form a wide range of parallel light through the mirrors and lenses after each LED light source emits a beam, which generates a large amount of heat on these lenses and needs to be cooled by a fan. However, the laser headlights are relatively simple due to the reduction in luminous area and energy consumption.
The laser headlights simply ported the new technology from the laboratory to the real car. The solution given by BMW is to use the blue monochromatic fluorescent filter commonly used in white LEDs to make white light. Like LEDs, laser diodes can only emit monochromatic lasers, so white light needs to be synthesized by multiple monochromatic laser sources, or the laser can be passed through a transparent medium such as quartz, resulting in broadening of the spectrum to form white light. BMW chose a more stable and reliable latter solution. At the same time, it applied a more rigid chemically hardened thin glass as the lampshade material. It is divided into two layers, each layer is only 0.7 mm thick, and the weight is reduced by 50.
The headlight illumination direction is as shown in the figure. Generally speaking, the illumination principle of the laser headlight used by the BMW i8 can be summarized as one shot, one reflection and two reflections. One shot means that the blue laser is emitted by the laser; one through means that the reflected laser passes through the yellow phosphor filter to produce white light; the two reflections mean that the laser is reflected once on the laser mirror on the frame, and then the transmitted light is again Reflected once on the reflective bowl, and finally emitted the illumination.
As for the structure, it is not complicated in our imagination. The simple one can be divided into four parts: laser light source, laser mirror, yellow phosphorus filter and reflective bowl.
According to BMW, the brightness and color temperature of laser headlights have been studied. According to BMW, the laser used in laser headlights is 100 safe and harmless to humans, animals and the natural environment. The blue laser emitted by the transmitter It is also converted into a natural and pure white before it is shot on the road. The human eye looks most intimate and natural, and it fully meets the requirements of daily use, and the light does not cause harm to the human eye. However, there are not many functions available after applying the laser headlights, but it is certain that adaptive lighting, dynamic light spots and other functions have been realized.
BMW and Audi are not idle. As mentioned above, only BMW and Audi have announced the use of laser headlights. We can see this equipment on BMW i8, Audi Sportquattro Laserlight concept car, etc., but for more For manufacturers, the widespread promotion of this technology is still in the tough and wait-and-see stage. For automotive users, they are not concerned with the technology itself, but with the choice of laser headlights, which can bring practical benefits. First of all, the appearance of the new car is undoubtedly more dazzling.
The use of laser headlights allows the designer to redesign the body due to its smaller size, brighter illumination and lower heat generation, allowing more space to be left for aerodynamic layout and appropriate The front suspension and engine position are adjusted to achieve the purpose of optimizing the space and so on.
In addition, after applying the laser headlights, driving at night will be safer, and the driver's vision will be more open due to the change of lighting, which will help to make dangerous judgments earlier. The controllable range will also be greater, avoiding the potential risks of dazzling.
Coincidentally, Audi also applied this technology to the newly released concept car to ensure its leading position in the application of the lights. The official model may be the Audi R18e-tronquattro, which will be the first laser headlight technology. Apply to car racing. Audi said that the new laser headlights can illuminate lanes within a range of 500 meters (the high-altitude vehicle's high-beam illumination range is 100 meters, and some models with adaptive headlights can reach 200-300 meters).
Correspondingly, Audi models also apply laser light source to the taillights, rain and fog driving, laser fog lights will spread a downward fan-shaped area, better visual effect, and effectively avoid the potential danger of glare to the driver of the rear car. . Looking at the introduction of laser headlight technology applied by BMW and Audi to its new car, we can feel confident and expect to be productive in the future.
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