Bearings are key components of major national technological equipment. After decades of development, China has become a world leader in bearing manufacturing. However, there are still gaps in the manufacturing technology of some high-tech special-purpose bearings compared with international standards, especially in the world. The key bearings in aviation and other fields still rely on imports, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's aviation industry. The production of domestic first-class or even internationally advanced level bearing products to increase the localization rate of bearings is a goal that China's bearing industry must achieve.
When it comes to imported bearing brands, it is natural for everyone to think of Swedish SKF bearings, German FAG bearings, American TIMKEN bearings, and other world-famous brands. However, the inventor of the bearing was not these countries but China. China had invented rolling bearings more than 300 years ago and laid the foundation for the world's excellent operation. However, why hasn't China been able to become a bearing power? This is probably closely related to the environment and culture in which it is located. It is as if the invention of gunpowder was used to create fireworks, while foreign countries used it to make artillery to attack China.
To talk about the history of foreign-imported bearing innovations, the earliest FAG bearings, in 1883 the German Mr. Fischer invented the grinding of steel balls machine, and created the FAG company, the company's current annual output value of 4.6 billion dollars. Everyone also knows that TIMKEN bearings are inventors of tapered bearings. 1895 American Henry. Mr. Timken invented the tapered roller bearing and established Timten Bearing Company. In 2006, the company's annual output value was 4 billion US dollars. In the 90s, Swedish engineer Sven was in 1907. Winquist invented spherical ball bearings and created SKF, which is currently the world's largest bearing company. In 2006, the production value reached 6 billion US dollars, which is a century-old company formed because of its creation.
Is China not innovative? Actually it was not. In 2007, Chinese engineer Zou Xianchun invented the track bearing. This is a bearing that can automatically clean the track. But why not? The concern is low, and the lack of implementation spirit, so the track bearing was invented in China. isolated. That is because the status quo of China's bearing industry has always had three problems.
The "three lows" problem first, the industry production concentration is low.
In the world of bearing about $30 billion in sales, the world's eight largest multinational companies accounted for 75% to 80%. The two major German companies account for 90% of its national total, Japan 5 accounts for 90% of its national total, and the United States 1 accounts for 56% of its national total. In China, the largest bearing companies, such as the Zhabshaft, accounted for only 24.7% of the industry's total sales. The production concentration of the top 30 companies was only 37.4%.
Experts believe that the reasons for this are as follows: First, the existing state-owned large-scale enterprises have developed relatively slowly due to institutional and mechanism problems; second, the dominant private and private enterprises are still in a growth stage; and third, low-level redundant construction, industry The factory site is too scattered and there is a serious overcapacity of general bearing.
Second, the ability to develop and innovate is low.
Since most enterprises are still at a low level in the construction and operation of innovation systems, capital investment in R&D and innovation, and talent development, and with the development of scientific research institutes oriented to industrial services, the country has no research on common technologies in the industry. The investment has weakened the R&D capabilities for the industry. Therefore, the whole industry is characterized by “two weak and two weakâ€, that is, basic theoretical research is weak, participation in international standard formulation is weak, original technology is less, and less patented products.
At present, our design and manufacturing technologies are basically imitative and are consistently implemented for decades. The product development capability is low. The performance is as follows: Although the matching rate for domestic hosts reaches 80%, the matching and maintenance of important bearings such as high-speed railway passenger cars, medium and high-end passenger cars, computers, air conditioners, and high-level rolling mills basically rely on imports.
Third, the level of manufacturing technology is low.
China's bearing industry manufacturing process and process equipment technology is developing slowly, the CNC processing rate of the car processing is low, and the automation level of grinding processing is low. There are only 200 automatic production lines in the country. Most enterprises, especially state-owned and old enterprises, still have traditional equipment as their main production force. Advanced heat treatment processes and equipment that are critical to bearing life and reliability, such as controlled atmosphere protection heating, double refinement, and bainite quenching, have low coverage, and many technical challenges have failed to achieve breakthroughs. The research and development of new steel grades for bearing steels, the improvement of steel quality, and the development of related technologies such as lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and abrasives, etc., have not yet been able to meet the requirements of bearing product level and quality improvement. As a result, the process capability index is low, the consistency is poor, the product processing size dispersion is large, and the internal quality of the product is unstable, which affects the accuracy, performance, life, and reliability of the bearing.
To lay a strong foundation for the future China's bearing industry needs to implement a strategy for the development of emerging industrial clusters, promote the construction of large corporations and “little giantsâ€, promote R&D, innovation and design and manufacturing technology upgrades, increase production concentration, and increase core competitiveness. The shift from scale to quality and efficiency. In 2010, some of the products of some companies reached a level of international competitiveness and laid the foundation for becoming one of the leading bearing countries in the world. In 2020, we will strive to achieve the goal of becoming a world-leading bearing country with the largest bearing manufacturing country in the world and contribute to the modernization of China's machinery and equipment manufacturing industry and the major equipment manufacturing.
After clarifying the above development strategy, the Bearing Industry Association has listed the main signs of achieving the goal of a world leading bearing country in 2020: the accuracy, performance, longevity, and reliability of major products have reached the level of similar products of large foreign companies in the same period; design and manufacturing technologies have reached the same period abroad Large company level; owns 3 to 5 world-famous brands; industry's total production and sales scale ranks among the world's top; industry production concentration CR30 reaches over 80%; and 2 to 3 domestic-funded companies enter the world's top 10 bearing sales. .
The Bearing Association also proposed that future product research and development will mainly focus on supporting and maintenance bearings for some key engines, including the new generation of wheel bearings for medium and high-end cars, water pump shaft bearings, clutch release bearings, air-conditioning compressor bearings, and constant velocity. And heavy truck axle bearings; motorcycle bearings replacing imported and expanding exports; low-noise motor bearings for household appliances; high-speed railway passenger cars, locomotive bearings and speed-increasing railway wagon bearings; plate roller bearings, backing bearings and high-speed wire rolling mill bearings Deep shaft drilling rig and offshore drilling rig bearings, etc. Medium-sized and large-sized motor low-noise bearings; precision bearings for spindles and machining centers of various types of CNC machine tools; long-life, high-reliability cylinders, cones, and spherical rollers for wind turbine bearings and construction machinery. Sub-bearings, etc.
To achieve the above goals, we must strengthen the development of the industry's R&D and innovation systems. Therefore, the Association hopes to strengthen the research and development and innovation of the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute, the Tenth Design and Research Institute of Machinery Industry, and Henan University of Science and Technology to provide consulting services for the industry through policy support. The function. At the same time, large companies with R&D capabilities have participated in the research and development of some key technologies led by the above-mentioned three units, which has helped improve the R&D and innovation capabilities of the entire bearing industry.
The domestic high-end bearing industrial base entered the substantive stage from the strategic stage China Aviation Industry Corporation and the Harbin Municipal Government held a signing ceremony for the construction of the bearing industrial base cooperation agreement on the morning of the 29th. Both parties brewing for nearly three years to form the establishment of the China Aeronautical Harbin Bearing Co., Ltd. . This marked that the strategy of the domestic high-end bearing industrial base has entered a substantive stage.
The newly-formed AVIC Harbin axis was established by AVIC's AVIC Dongan, AVIC Chengfa Technology, AVIC Liming, and AVIC's four companies West Airlines and Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in a joint venture and cooperation. The company covers an area of ​​350,000 square meters with a total investment of no less than 1 billion yuan. It is mainly engaged in the design, development, production, maintenance and marketing of high-precision bearings such as aerospace bearings, railway bearings, high-end precision bearings, and ultra-large wind turbine bearings. After-sales service and other services; and engaged in bearing technology derived products research, development, production, sales, service and other services.
When it comes to imported bearing brands, it is natural for everyone to think of Swedish SKF bearings, German FAG bearings, American TIMKEN bearings, and other world-famous brands. However, the inventor of the bearing was not these countries but China. China had invented rolling bearings more than 300 years ago and laid the foundation for the world's excellent operation. However, why hasn't China been able to become a bearing power? This is probably closely related to the environment and culture in which it is located. It is as if the invention of gunpowder was used to create fireworks, while foreign countries used it to make artillery to attack China.
To talk about the history of foreign-imported bearing innovations, the earliest FAG bearings, in 1883 the German Mr. Fischer invented the grinding of steel balls machine, and created the FAG company, the company's current annual output value of 4.6 billion dollars. Everyone also knows that TIMKEN bearings are inventors of tapered bearings. 1895 American Henry. Mr. Timken invented the tapered roller bearing and established Timten Bearing Company. In 2006, the company's annual output value was 4 billion US dollars. In the 90s, Swedish engineer Sven was in 1907. Winquist invented spherical ball bearings and created SKF, which is currently the world's largest bearing company. In 2006, the production value reached 6 billion US dollars, which is a century-old company formed because of its creation.
Is China not innovative? Actually it was not. In 2007, Chinese engineer Zou Xianchun invented the track bearing. This is a bearing that can automatically clean the track. But why not? The concern is low, and the lack of implementation spirit, so the track bearing was invented in China. isolated. That is because the status quo of China's bearing industry has always had three problems.
The "three lows" problem first, the industry production concentration is low.
In the world of bearing about $30 billion in sales, the world's eight largest multinational companies accounted for 75% to 80%. The two major German companies account for 90% of its national total, Japan 5 accounts for 90% of its national total, and the United States 1 accounts for 56% of its national total. In China, the largest bearing companies, such as the Zhabshaft, accounted for only 24.7% of the industry's total sales. The production concentration of the top 30 companies was only 37.4%.
Experts believe that the reasons for this are as follows: First, the existing state-owned large-scale enterprises have developed relatively slowly due to institutional and mechanism problems; second, the dominant private and private enterprises are still in a growth stage; and third, low-level redundant construction, industry The factory site is too scattered and there is a serious overcapacity of general bearing.
Second, the ability to develop and innovate is low.
Since most enterprises are still at a low level in the construction and operation of innovation systems, capital investment in R&D and innovation, and talent development, and with the development of scientific research institutes oriented to industrial services, the country has no research on common technologies in the industry. The investment has weakened the R&D capabilities for the industry. Therefore, the whole industry is characterized by “two weak and two weakâ€, that is, basic theoretical research is weak, participation in international standard formulation is weak, original technology is less, and less patented products.
At present, our design and manufacturing technologies are basically imitative and are consistently implemented for decades. The product development capability is low. The performance is as follows: Although the matching rate for domestic hosts reaches 80%, the matching and maintenance of important bearings such as high-speed railway passenger cars, medium and high-end passenger cars, computers, air conditioners, and high-level rolling mills basically rely on imports.
Third, the level of manufacturing technology is low.
China's bearing industry manufacturing process and process equipment technology is developing slowly, the CNC processing rate of the car processing is low, and the automation level of grinding processing is low. There are only 200 automatic production lines in the country. Most enterprises, especially state-owned and old enterprises, still have traditional equipment as their main production force. Advanced heat treatment processes and equipment that are critical to bearing life and reliability, such as controlled atmosphere protection heating, double refinement, and bainite quenching, have low coverage, and many technical challenges have failed to achieve breakthroughs. The research and development of new steel grades for bearing steels, the improvement of steel quality, and the development of related technologies such as lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and abrasives, etc., have not yet been able to meet the requirements of bearing product level and quality improvement. As a result, the process capability index is low, the consistency is poor, the product processing size dispersion is large, and the internal quality of the product is unstable, which affects the accuracy, performance, life, and reliability of the bearing.
To lay a strong foundation for the future China's bearing industry needs to implement a strategy for the development of emerging industrial clusters, promote the construction of large corporations and “little giantsâ€, promote R&D, innovation and design and manufacturing technology upgrades, increase production concentration, and increase core competitiveness. The shift from scale to quality and efficiency. In 2010, some of the products of some companies reached a level of international competitiveness and laid the foundation for becoming one of the leading bearing countries in the world. In 2020, we will strive to achieve the goal of becoming a world-leading bearing country with the largest bearing manufacturing country in the world and contribute to the modernization of China's machinery and equipment manufacturing industry and the major equipment manufacturing.
After clarifying the above development strategy, the Bearing Industry Association has listed the main signs of achieving the goal of a world leading bearing country in 2020: the accuracy, performance, longevity, and reliability of major products have reached the level of similar products of large foreign companies in the same period; design and manufacturing technologies have reached the same period abroad Large company level; owns 3 to 5 world-famous brands; industry's total production and sales scale ranks among the world's top; industry production concentration CR30 reaches over 80%; and 2 to 3 domestic-funded companies enter the world's top 10 bearing sales. .
The Bearing Association also proposed that future product research and development will mainly focus on supporting and maintenance bearings for some key engines, including the new generation of wheel bearings for medium and high-end cars, water pump shaft bearings, clutch release bearings, air-conditioning compressor bearings, and constant velocity. And heavy truck axle bearings; motorcycle bearings replacing imported and expanding exports; low-noise motor bearings for household appliances; high-speed railway passenger cars, locomotive bearings and speed-increasing railway wagon bearings; plate roller bearings, backing bearings and high-speed wire rolling mill bearings Deep shaft drilling rig and offshore drilling rig bearings, etc. Medium-sized and large-sized motor low-noise bearings; precision bearings for spindles and machining centers of various types of CNC machine tools; long-life, high-reliability cylinders, cones, and spherical rollers for wind turbine bearings and construction machinery. Sub-bearings, etc.
To achieve the above goals, we must strengthen the development of the industry's R&D and innovation systems. Therefore, the Association hopes to strengthen the research and development and innovation of the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute, the Tenth Design and Research Institute of Machinery Industry, and Henan University of Science and Technology to provide consulting services for the industry through policy support. The function. At the same time, large companies with R&D capabilities have participated in the research and development of some key technologies led by the above-mentioned three units, which has helped improve the R&D and innovation capabilities of the entire bearing industry.
The domestic high-end bearing industrial base entered the substantive stage from the strategic stage China Aviation Industry Corporation and the Harbin Municipal Government held a signing ceremony for the construction of the bearing industrial base cooperation agreement on the morning of the 29th. Both parties brewing for nearly three years to form the establishment of the China Aeronautical Harbin Bearing Co., Ltd. . This marked that the strategy of the domestic high-end bearing industrial base has entered a substantive stage.
The newly-formed AVIC Harbin axis was established by AVIC's AVIC Dongan, AVIC Chengfa Technology, AVIC Liming, and AVIC's four companies West Airlines and Harbin Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in a joint venture and cooperation. The company covers an area of ​​350,000 square meters with a total investment of no less than 1 billion yuan. It is mainly engaged in the design, development, production, maintenance and marketing of high-precision bearings such as aerospace bearings, railway bearings, high-end precision bearings, and ultra-large wind turbine bearings. After-sales service and other services; and engaged in bearing technology derived products research, development, production, sales, service and other services.
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