The 10th Beijing International Construction Machinery Exhibition and Technology Exchange opened today. One of the highlights of this year's exhibition was the 60th anniversary of the founding of the founding of the country’s engineering machinery. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the construction machinery industry has gone from scratch and from weak to strong, and has gone through a prosperous 60-year history of wind and rain, which has made important contributions to China's modernization. Han Xuesong, chairman of the former China Construction Machinery Industry Association and now honorary chairman, pointed out that after 60 years of development, China's construction machinery industry, as an important part of equipment manufacturing industry, has played an important role in national economic development and national defense construction. China has become one of the world’s major producers and major markets for construction machinery.
The transformation from "nothingness" to "haveness" The Chinese construction machinery industry developed with the establishment and growth of New China. In the first decade of the founding of New China, the country was in a state of neglect, and construction machinery was not included in the national development priorities. It was dominated by the use, repairs, and parts production. Apart from producing a small number of simple and small construction machines, it could be said that There is no own construction machinery manufacturing industry. From the late 1950s to the early 1960s, China began to enter the initial stage of the formation and development of the construction machinery industry. During this stage, a group of original repair companies began to research and develop engineering machinery products, becoming the first batch of new China. The backbone enterprise of construction machinery. Some important professional research institutes, such as the Tianjin Institute of Construction Machinery of the First Machine Department, have provided scientific research and design and development bases for the development of China's construction machinery. Also during this period, Tangshan Railway Institute, Tongji University, and Xi'an Highway College became the first universities to set up engineering machinery to train the first batch of engineering machinery professionals for New China. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, it was an imitation of the surveying and mapping process in the history of China's construction machinery development.
In the development process of the industry from “nothing†to “haveâ€, some landmark events with far-reaching significance are like bright pearls, reflecting the bits and pieces that the industry has gone through. In 1957, China's first crane was born at the Beijing Crane Factory, setting a precedent for the development and production of domestic cranes. In 1958, the formal establishment of "architectural road construction machinery" professional, marking the beginning of China's engineering machinery professional education. In the same year in June of the same year, at the Dalian Machinery Manufacturing Plant, China's first "W-5 Satellite" brand mechanical transmission forklift was born, creating a history of Chinese forklift industry. In 1960, the State Council and the Central Military Commission decided to establish the Fifth Bureau of the Ministry of Machinery Industry (Construction Machinery Bureau). The main task of the Bureau is to implement the principle of “giving priority to the army and taking into account civilian use†and to plan and manage the production and technical work of military and civilian construction machinery. This marks the gradual formation of the Chinese construction machinery industry. In 1961, the Ministry of Machine-Building established the Engineering Machinery Bureau, which was responsible for the development and planning of construction machinery throughout the country. From then on, China's construction machinery entered a planned development stage. In 1963, the Tianjin Institute of Construction Machinery (the predecessor of the Tianjin Institute of Construction Machinery) of the First Machinery Industry Ministry and the Institute of Construction Machinery of the First Machinery Industry Ministry (the predecessor of the Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute) were established. The establishment of two research institutes marked the initial formation of China's construction machinery scientific research system. In 1964, with the approval of the State Council, the construction machinery industry began to build three-tier companies, and successively established the Yellow River Engineering Machinery Plant and Puyu Construction Machinery Plant. The third-tier companies and the original enterprises have laid the layout of China's construction machinery industry.
From “Weak†to “Strong†Sublimation Around the 1980s, with the further implementation of the reform and opening up policy, the country that had the greatest impact on China’s construction machinery industry was the country’s industrial policy of “introduction, digestion, and absorptionâ€. During this period, a large number of key enterprises such as Xuzhou Construction Machinery Plant, Shandong Bulldozers Plant, and Xi'an Road Construction Machinery Plant introduced foreign advanced products and technologies, established a scaled production system, and laid a foundation for the modernization of China's construction machinery industry. Foundation. Since the 1990s, China's construction machinery industry has entered a period of rapid development, and manufacturing companies have changed the past operation modes of integration of production, supply, and sales and started to build their own sales channels. China's engineering machinery agents came into being during this period and gradually grew into a group. It is also during this period that the potential huge demand in the Chinese market has attracted more and more foreign capital, and many foreign construction machinery manufacturers have successively invested in factories in China.
In the process of the industry's struggle for the upper reaches, there are so many landmark events as highlights. In 1979, the Ministry of Machinery Industry organized Shandong Bulldozer Plant, Shanghai Pengpu Machinery Plant, Huanghe Engineering Machinery Plant, Tianjin Engineering Machinery Research Institute, and the First Design Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry to contract the introduction of a complete set of three types of track-type bulldozers from Japan Komatsu Plant. Manufacturing technology has pioneered the introduction of large-scale technology for Chinese construction machinery.
In 1987, the joint venture contract of Xuanhua-Ingersoll Rand Mine Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. was officially signed, which opened up a new way for the construction machinery industry to create Sino-foreign joint ventures. In 1989, the first BICES was held in Beijing, which became the starting point of the national large-scale exhibition activity of the construction machinery industry. In July of the same year, Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Co., Ltd. was formally established, setting an example for the large-scale operation of Chinese construction machinery companies. On November 18, 1993, the stock of Guangxi Liugong Machinery Co., Ltd. was successfully listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and it stepped out of the first step for Chinese construction machinery companies to raise capital through the capital market.
This period was not only a period of self-improvement and self-innovation for the industry, but also a period of technological upgrading and self-innovation for specific products. As far as bulldozers are concerned, since 1979, China has introduced crawler bulldozer production technology, process specifications, technical standards, and material systems from the Japanese Komatsu company and the Caterpillar company. After digesting and absorbing key technologies, it has formed At present, it is dominated by Komatsu's technology products in the 1980s and 1990s.
In terms of loaders, in 1978, according to the requirements of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Tiangong established a series of standards for China's wheel loaders based on the Liugong Z450. This is a major turning point in the history of China's loader development. After the standard was formulated, it was divided according to the industry at that time. Liugong and Xiagong manufactured large and medium-sized wheel loaders above ZL40. Chenggong and Yigong produced small and medium-sized wheel loaders below ZL30, gradually forming Liugong, etc. Xiagong, Chenggong and Yigong’s four major domestic loader companies. So far, China's wheel loader has developed to the third generation, but its most basic structure is still evolved from the Z450 (ZL50). In 2001, the total sales volume of the loader industry in China exceeded 30,000 units, ranking the front of the world's loader market.
Since the beginning of the new century, the construction machinery industry in China has enjoyed a bright spring. During this period, the number of enterprises in the construction machinery industry has increased by 10 billion yuan. At present, among the top 500 Chinese enterprises, there are already 15 engineering machinery enterprises. Among them, at the same time, a group of outstanding construction machinery enterprises have already reached RMB 100 billion to move toward international, comprehensive and large-scale enterprises. In 2001, China Construction Machinery Industry Association and China Construction Machinery Association adjusted and merged to form a new China Construction Machinery Industry Association. The merger of the two associations promoted the integration of the industry and accelerated the development of the industry. In 2006, China's construction machinery import and export ended its trade deficit for many years and realized a favorable balance. This indicates that under the background of economic globalization, China's construction machinery enterprises formally entered the international market. In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, construction machinery has also experienced rapid development. In 2008, the sales of major products in the industry increased generally: 82,975 excavators, a year-on-year increase of 16.5%; 162,335 loaders, an increase of 0.4%; bulldozers 8,722, an increase of 21.8%; and 168,119 forklifts, an increase of 10.3%; 10,885 sets, a year-on-year increase of 15.7%; construction cranes were 21,419 sets, an increase of 2.7% year-on-year; levelers were 4,320 sets, an increase of 11.0% year-on-year; and 1,436 spreaders were sold, a year-on-year increase of 6.6%.
Overall, at present, China's construction machinery industry has formed a production and manufacturing body with considerable scale and capability. There are more than 2,000 companies, including 17 group companies, 22 listed companies, nearly 200 joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises, 300,000 employees, and can produce excavation machinery, shovel transportation machinery, engineering lifting machinery, industrial vehicles, There are 18 categories of concrete machinery, pavement machinery and piling machinery, and nearly 5,000 types of products. The net value of fixed assets in the industry is over 30 billion yuan. In 2008, the annual sales of products reached 277.3 billion yuan, ranking second in the world after the United States. In 2009, it is expected that there will still be about 12% growth.
In the formulation of industry standards, in recent years, led by the Construction Machinery Industry Association, China has completed the "Imported Second-hand Excavator Acceptance Specification", "aerial work platform", "aerial work vehicle", "high-altitude operations machinery safety planning", The formulation of standard work such as “installation acceptance rules for work baskets†laid the foundation for the improvement of industry standards. At present, there are more than 200 national standards in use throughout the industry; 446 industry standards, totaling more than 600. There are more than 230 international standards (ISO) involved. This has laid a solid foundation for China's construction machinery industry to truly align with the international community and move toward glory.
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