After the industrial revolution of the 18th century, gravity beneficiation evolved from primitive manual operations to mechanization. Initial gravity separation equipment manually movable sieve jigger, selected from the rising water washing tank and the intermittent operation of the coal. From 1830 to 1840, a mechanically driven piston jig appeared in the Harz mining area in Germany. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the gravity beneficiation equipment was greatly improved, and the Leo coal washing tank, which can work continuously, was selected, and the shaker of fine ore was selected. In particular, in 1892, the first pistonless jig driven by compressed air, the famous Baum-type jig, was invented.
The most efficient sorting method is the heavy medium beneficiation method, which was applied in the industry as early as 1858. At that time, calcium chloride solution was used for coal preparation. Because the solution consumption was too large, it was not promoted. In 1917, a water sand suspension coal preparation method appeared. In 1926, a heavy medium coal preparation method using a stable suspension appeared. Since then, heavy medium dressing has been widely used, especially heavy medium coal preparation, which is an effective method for handling difficult and extremely difficult coal preparation.
Since the middle of this century, the centrifugal force field has been used to enhance the gravity sorting process. The most successful of these was the hydrocyclone first appeared in the Netherlands in 1940. This equipment is high in efficiency, small in size and simple in structure. It has been widely used in the process of classification, concentration and heavy medium sorting of fine-grained materials, and has formed an important development direction in production.
The theoretical research work on gravity beneficiation began after the industrial application of mechanized gravity sorting equipment. Since the gravity beneficiation process itself has many influencing factors, so far, the theoretical research on jigging and other gravity beneficiation processes has not yet found a theory that can be recognized. At present, many researchers believe that the most correct way is to link all the reasonable parts of the above-mentioned various schools' viewpoints, and based on the strengths and weaknesses, with the help of modern testing methods, to slap and even re-elect other theoretical issues. In-depth study. Thereby establishing a unified and complete theoretical system.
China is an ancient country with a long history and developed culture. It began to smelt copper more than 4,000 years ago. In 1637, Song Yingxing's "Heavenly Creations" recorded many examples of the application of gravity sorting. Such as: cereal selected windmill wind, water power extraction clay classification method, selected by panning method yields tin and iron sand sand.
The earliest coal preparation plant in China was built in 1917. At present, there are more than 500 large and small coal preparation plants in China, all of which have gravity selection equipment. Among them are small re-election equipment and large-scale modern re-election equipment.
There are many research and design units in China's mineral processing process, such as Central South University of Technology, Northeastern University, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Huainan Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Mining Institute.
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