Electrical instrumentation forms international competitiveness

After more than 50 years of development, China's electrical instrumentation industry has formed a complete industrial cluster with strong scientific research strength and global scale. The company has more than 700 backbone enterprises, employs more than 160,000 people, has a production and sales capacity of more than 200 million units, and has an industrial output value of more than 29 billion yuan. Among them, the production and sales volume of electric energy meters and portable digital multimeters ranks first in the world, and most of them have independent intellectual property rights. It is one of the industries with the highest national productivity. Currently, the export rate is over 15%, which is an industry with strong international competitiveness.

Electrical instrumentation according to the GB/T4754-2002 national economic industry classification, belonging to category C: manufacturing; category 41: instrumentation and culture, office machinery manufacturing; category 411: general instrument manufacturing; subclass 4112: electrician Instrumentation manufacturing. According to GB/T4754-2002 National Economic Sector Classification C4112 Electrical Instrument Manufacturing and National Standard Electrical Instrument and Meter Product Modeling Method, Electrical Instrument and Meter Manufacturing includes: Electric Energy Meter, Automatic Meter Reading System (without meter), Power Load Management System, electromagnetic parameter measuring instrument, electromagnetic parameter analysis and recording device, distribution system electrical safety testing and analysis device, power supply device, standard and calibration equipment, expansion limit device, power automation instrument and system, non-battery electricity measurement instrument And devices, other electrical instrumentation products a total of 12 categories.

The main service scope of the electric instrument industry covers various fields of national economy and national defense construction. The major markets include electric power, metallurgy, transportation, mining, petrochemical, and light industrial machinery, as well as education, scientific experiments, military engineering, and aerospace technology. In the fields of medical care, health care, environmental protection, and standard metrology, the demand for power systems accounts for more than 80% of the market for electrical instrumentation products. It plays a decisive role in the demand for electrical instrumentation products. In particular, the State Grid Corporation of China started in 2009. Uniform and strong smart grid construction, as an important node connecting the grid and users, plays an important role in smart energy meters, becoming a key link and pioneer in the realization of the characteristics of the smart grid “informatization, automation, and interaction”, implementing unified bidding and bidding policies. The change has a direct impact on the development space and direction of the electric energy meter industry and is of great significance to the promotion of the Chinese electric energy meter industry.

1. Electromagnetic quantity measurement and analysis instruments Electromagnetic quantity measurement and analysis instruments include two categories of electromagnetic quantity measurement instruments and electromagnetic quantity analysis and recording devices. Electromagnetic quantity measuring instruments include: installed instruments, portable analog instruments, digital instruments 51/2 digits and below (including portable), digital instruments over 51/2 digits, precision instruments, magnetic instruments, etc. Electromagnetic quantity analysis and recording Devices include: analog oscilloscopes, digital oscilloscopes, handheld oscilloscopes, other oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, logic analyzers, recording instruments, accessories, and accessories.

All of them are wide-ranging products, which are the basic means and necessary tools for the development of all walks of life. They have always been one of the superior products of China's electrical instrumentation industry. Electromagnetic measurement and analysis instruments include electromagnetic parameter measurement instruments and electromagnetic parameter analysis and recording devices. These two types of products are being transformed from analog measurement technologies to digital measurement technologies. Digital installation of meters, digital multimeters, digital magnetometers, and digital oscilloscopes are rapidly advancing. Digitalization, systematization, intelligence, and graphics have become mainstream trends.

The electromagnetic parameter measuring instrument is a traditional product of the electric instrument industry. It is divided into field instruments and laboratory instruments. Field instrumentation requires a large amount of usage, while laboratory instrumentation use is relatively small. Its dominant output is mounted meters and portable meters. Portable instruments mainly include multimeters and clamp meters. From the perspective of the development in recent years, the demand for digitalization of portable instruments is increasing. The traditional electromagnetic parameter measuring instrument is an indicator instrument. Due to the rapid development of science and technology, digital instrument has gradually entered the mainstream market. Installed meters and portable meters belong to monitoring or measuring instruments, and the accuracy does not need to be high. Users are not very demanding in the digitization of such meters. Therefore, analog meters have always occupied a certain market share for a long time. For the installation of instruments, due to the gradual promotion of digital power monitoring systems, especially large and medium-sized industrial and commercial power users and public places demand for power load management devices, digital installation meters will have great market prospects.

1) Installed meters are mainly used for on-line monitoring of power parameters and status indications. In recent years, there have been great developments in digital, intelligent, instrumental interfaces, standardization, serialization, and generalization, and low-end products have appeared. There is a serious surplus, but the analog display indicates the intuitive and trend display of the instrument is difficult to replace the digital instrument, which is the most important reason that the analog indicating instrument will still occupy a certain market share today. With the gradual deepening of the smart grid construction, the market demand for such products will gradually decrease, it will be replaced by intelligent equipment (such as digital substations), and the reliability indicators of these intelligent devices are much higher than the traditional electromagnetic parameters Measuring instruments can lead to a reduction in the use of installed meters in substations year after year.

In order to meet the changes in market demand, digitally-mounted instrumentation has developed rapidly. It not only has the function of measuring electrical parameters, but also enables the analysis, diagnosis, control, and protection of electrical parameters, with analog output and standard communication interfaces. In order to adapt to different installation structures and features of users, it can be divided into two types: embedded and rail type. In different application occasions, according to different functions, it can be simple, simple and random.

With the increase in the amount of electrical parameters measured, this type of instrument is no longer only a measuring instrument, has been expanded to monitor the instrument, protect the instrument, and has been widely used in power load management systems (ie energy management systems for industrial and mining enterprises and construction buildings) And electrical fire monitoring devices. With the development of the national economy and the promotion of energy-saving and emission-reduction, digitally installed meters will be promoted and applied with greater strength.

2) portable analog instruments portable analog instruments include multimeter, clamp meter, megohmmeter, is a large amount of tools, in all areas of the national economy is ubiquitous, especially in the industrial and civilian use of multimeter has a wide range of applications, The products that are mass-produced are the basic means and necessary tools for the development of all walks of life. It is both a traditional product and a high-tech product, and its demand has increased in recent years.

3) Digital meters In recent years, China's digital instrumentation technology has developed rapidly. At present, the annual digital multimeter's production capacity reaches tens of millions of units, especially the middle and low-end digital multimeter's output accounts for 80% of the world's total output, ranking first in the world. . Although affected by the global economic crisis in 2009, the impact on exports was not very great, a drop of 10% compared with the same period last year. In 2010, the export of digital instruments showed a greater recovery. However, our mid- to high-end digital instrumentation technology also has a big gap with developed country products, especially for high-end products, we still rely on imports.

4) Oscilloscope Oscilloscopes include: analog oscilloscopes, digital oscilloscopes, handheld oscilloscopes, other oscilloscopes, accessories and accessories, etc., are widely used in various fields of the national economy, and are also one of the most widely used instrument products. An oscilloscope is an electronic measuring instrument that uses the characteristics of an electronic oscilloscope tube to convert an alternating electric signal that cannot be directly observed by the human eye into an image and is displayed on a fluorescent screen for measurement. It is an indispensable instrument for observing experimental phenomena, analyzing problems in experiments, and measuring experimental results. The oscilloscope is divided into analog and digital. Digitalization is the main trend of the development of oscilloscopes and recording instruments. At present, major manufacturers at home and abroad mainly produce digital oscilloscopes and recording instruments.

At present, the virtual digital oscilloscope is developing rapidly. It is portable, compact, and more user-friendly. The optional bandwidth and high-performance parameters can meet the needs of different users and become the most promising products. At present, the MSO mixed signal oscilloscope and the built-in logic analysis technology of FPGA are occupying the market of the traditional logic analyzer.

Electromagnetic parametric analysis and recording devices are evolving toward greater ease of use, versatility, and miniaturization. The domestic market has been steadily rising, and the gap between import and export has not grown much.

2. Main technologies and product development trends in the area of ​​electromagnetic parameter measurement and analysis instrumentation 1) Versatility: With the development of digital sampling technology, embedded microprocessors, large-scale integrated circuits and sensors, electromagnetic measurement and analysis instruments are moving toward a machine Multi-purpose development, embedded operating systems, multi-parameters (including non-electricity that can be converted to electricity), instantaneous signal dynamic capture and real-time monitoring, data recording and storage have become major trends.

2) Systematization: The introduction of wireless, infrared, USB, 485, and other interface technologies enables electromagnetic measurement and analysis instruments to be connected to computers, buses, the Internet, and other systems anytime and anywhere, and as a system terminal to sample electricity or non-electricity, Measurement, transmission, analysis, processing, storage and display.

3) Intelligent: With the development of embedded microprocessors, large-scale integrated circuits and software, automatic measurement of object recognition, automatic range switching, intelligent data processing and storage, automatic network access adaptation, fault self-definition, alarm, and record Protection and use of the environment are becoming standard.

4) Full information display: The development of real-time monitoring technology and color liquid crystal displays has brought about a revolution in the display mode of electromagnetic measurement instruments. From the past pointer display, digital display, and graphical display to the development of “full information display”, You can display a variety of information at the same time. The full information display has made a leap forward in field measurement and analysis technology.

5) Low power consumption and environmental adaptability: Low power consumption is the focus of portable product research. Power consumption determines the product's use time and availability. At the same time, environmental adaptability to temperature, humidity, waterproof, accidental drop, etc. is also a competition for portable products. One of the main indicators.

6) High-precision: With the development of integrated chip manufacturing technology, digital sampling technology, and microprocessor speed, research on high accuracy and high resolution measurement of portable instruments has become the main direction.

7) Automatic overload protection, fault self-diagnosis, recording and alarm.

8) Dedicated chips: The development of digital multimeters mainly depends on the advancement of integrated chip technology. The core technology of portable products is integrated chips, multi-functional, low power consumption, high reliability, high precision, low cost, small size, embedded microprocessors And the interface will become the main development direction of the dedicated chip.

9) The current development of virtual digital oscilloscopes is rapid. It is portable, compact and user-friendly. Bandwidth options and high-performance indicators can meet the needs of different users and become the most promising products. MSO mixed signal oscilloscopes and FPGAs have built-in logic analysis technologies that are grabbing the market for traditional logic analyzers. Electromagnetic parametric analysis and recording devices are moving in a direction that is simpler, easier to use, multi-functional, and miniaturized. The domestic market is steadily rising, and exports are increasing.

3. Power Quality Analysis With the rapid development of the national economy and the power industry, the power load is becoming more and more complicated and diversified, and the non-linear, impact, and unbalanced load devices are widely used, resulting in serious distortion of the waveform of the power grid. Harmonic wave, voltage fluctuation flicker, frequency fluctuation, three-phase unbalance, temporary over-voltage and transient over-voltage, voltage sag, and short-term interruptions occur frequently. As a result, malfunctions of electrical and electronic control devices are often caused, interrupting important production processes, and causing huge economic losses; affecting the safe and reliable operation of the power grid, which can lead to large-scale power outages; and causing transmission line transmission efficiency to decline. The loss increases, and interferes with the work of the power carrier communication system and the public communication system near the power line; the error of the power monitoring and metering meter increases sharply, which is not conducive to the commercial operation of the power grid. The quality of power quality is directly related to the overall efficiency of the national economy. The management of power quality and the control of power pollution are imperative.