General choice of mineral processing methods

When determining the beneficiation test plan or recommended process, various methods should be selected and compared. The selection of mineral processing methods must be guided by the general line of “dancing with strength, striving for the upper reaches, building socialism more quickly and economically”, and the party’s series of guidelines and policies on economic construction, specifically analyzing technical and economic factors and considering the factors. The choices make the selected method consistent with the actual, reliable production, advanced indicators and economical rationality, the general principles of consideration below.

(1) Production requirements

1. Adopt advanced mineral processing technology, vigorously improve the mineral processing index, make full use of ore resources, and meet the smelting requirements. The method chosen should ensure production of high quality concentrate, metal recovery and improve labor productivity, reduce production costs and shorten the construction period.

2, containing multi-metal iron ore comprehensive utilization must be carefully considered all useful ingredients for the production of mineral processing tailings and waste utilization should as far as possible.

3, pay attention to labor protection and environmental sanitation, for example, avoid the use of toxic agents such as cyanide or fluoride, as little as possible the use of fine ore dry selection.

4, the selection method should strive to be simple and reliable, easy to produce operations and management; the use of complex methods must have obvious technical and economic effects.

5. The method of selection should be compatible with local construction conditions. For example, the ore reserves in the mining area are abundant, the concentrator has a long service life, and a perfect process should be adopted; the mines with scattered resources, such as sand mines, should adopt a light and efficient method to facilitate the construction of a mobile concentrator; Areas should avoid dry selection; areas with poor transportation and poor machining capacity should adopt simple methods; the main raw materials for mineral processing, such as pharmaceuticals, fuels and media, should be considered locally.

6. The improvement of the production and selection process must make full use of the original production base, including plant, equipment and production experience.

7. The method of selection should be proven to be effective and reliable through production or testing. For example, new technologies must be tested and qualified before they can be used; the equipment used should be a stereotyped or provisional product.

(2) Ore properties

1. Depleted ore containing massive gangue should be considered to remove gangue by heavy medium dressing, jigging or dry magnetic separation.

2. The mudstone should be considered to remove the slime by washing.

3. Strong magnetic minerals are recovered by weak magnetic separation.

4. Weak magnetic minerals are recovered by re-election roasting magnetic separation, flotation, strong magnetic separation or electro-election according to their physical or chemical properties and impregnation particle size.

5, phosphorus sulfide minerals and mineral buoyant comparison, conventional flotation recovered.

6. Multi-metal iron ore and multi-iron mineral iron ore difficult to select by a single method. The combined process of several methods is commonly used.

7. Minerals with very fine particle size (below 20 microns) or multi-element minerals should be considered for the selection of useful mineral aggregates or useful components of the load, and if necessary, consider the combined method of metallurgy.

8, unevenly embedded ore, should consider the stage of the beneficiation process.

9. A variety of ore blends are selected, and a beneficiation method that can adapt to changes in ore properties should be used.

10. Special treatment methods are used for special ores. For example, an ore having a large difference in hardness between a mineral and a gangue may be subjected to a selective crushing and sieving method; and an ore containing a high volatile component may be subjected to a calcination volatilization method or the like.

(3) Common mineral processing methods

The mineral processing methods commonly used for ferrous minerals can be divided into two types, single and combined. The single method mainly includes magnetic separation (weak magnetic separation, strong magnetic separation), magnetization roasting magnetic separation, reselection, flotation, and electric selection. The joint method is divided into two types, serial and parallel, according to different methods of connection. The former is used in series by different methods to recover different useful components; the latter is used in parallel with different methods to treat different grades of ore separately.