How to do smart building electrical construction and installation work?

With the continuous improvement of the service level of buildings in our country, modern buildings are developing in the direction of intelligence and electrification. This places higher requirements on the electrical installation and construction technology of China's construction projects. In order to ensure the smooth completion of the electrical installation construction of buildings, we should Continuous improvement and improvement of construction technology and construction technology. This article starts with the preparation of the electrical installation and construction of the building, and elaborates the installation techniques for each link.

1. Preparation for pre-installation of building electrical construction

(1) Electrical construction design. The design documents are mainly based on the specific standards of electrical installation, and clearly specify the installation indicators and the use requirements of the construction electrical engineering as an important basis for electrical installation and installation. The main contents shall include the specific configuration of the electrical equipment, the reasonable position of the power switch, and the specific provisions of other electrical auxiliary facilities, as well as the control of the level configuration of the electrical system.

(2) Do a good job of drawing a review session. The construction unit shall do a good job in the trial link of the design and construction drawings on the basis of the electrical design indicators after passing the audit, the specific settings of the electrical equipment, and the wiring of the power supply system. The design unit will make a detailed and comprehensive description of the design drawings to the construction unit to avoid difficult technical problems during construction. The review of the electrical construction design drawings of the building mainly includes: whether the location of the pipeline is standardized and reasonable, whether the installation of electrical equipment is appropriate, whether the specifications, models, etc. of the equipment are in compliance with the requirements, and the specific construction process methods.

(3) Make a good selection of equipment. The choice of lamps and lanterns mainly considers various indicators of electrical performance to ensure that it achieves the basic performance of safety, practicality and economy. When purchasing electrical materials and equipment, it is necessary to reasonably determine its model and specifications according to the specific requirements for design and construction and strict quality standards, and strictly manage the “three certificates”. At the same time, it shall strictly verify the product certificates and product specifications of the materials and equipment. Test reports, quality assurance documents, and other relevant certification materials, as well as visual inspections of incoming materials and materials, and inspections of various electrical properties.

2. Do a good job in coordination of electrical installation and civil construction

(1) Pipeline buried dark. Should be strictly based on the specific requirements of the design drawings, the construction of electrical pipelines buried and concealed operation. When carrying out concealing of pipelines in concrete, excessive bending lines should not be generated, and wave-shaped laying should be adopted on the principle of proximity. The embedded pipeline should ensure that the distance from the surface of the building component is greater than 15mm. When pre-embedding of steel pipes, different construction measures are mainly taken according to different operating environments. If the construction site is in wet conditions, seals should be used to seal the nozzles and docking stations. Avoid pre-embedded pipelines crossing important infrastructures. If circumstances do not permit, take certain protective measures before proceeding. When carrying out the concealed application of PVC pipe, avoid laying under high temperature conditions. Because the PVC pipe has the basic characteristics of low rigidity and corrosion resistance, it can be laid in an environment with corrosive medium such as acid and alkali. The curvature of the wire bushing should be less than about 10% of the outer diameter of the pipe. Pre-embed the PVC wire and pipe in the wall or other building components. The cement mortar should be used with a strength greater than the strength of M10 to protect the surface and ensure that the thickness is greater than 15mm. .

(2) Lightning deflector settings. Various types of construction projects have different numbers of reinforced concrete columns, different structures are provided with different structural columns, masonry structures are generally provided with structural columns, and concrete structures are often provided with frame columns and shear walls, etc., according to relevant specifications. It is required to ensure that in the brick-concrete structure, longitudinal reinforcement with a minimum of Φ12 is to be provided for the construction columns, and in the concrete frame structure, Φ14 thread reinforcement is often used as reinforcement to meet the requirements of the specification. The steel bars in the column are usually connected in the form of lashings and welding. According to the acceptance specification of the grounding device for electrical installations, the auxiliary round steel is used for the lap joints of the lightning deflectors, and the overlap length is maintained at 6 times the diameter of the round steel. Within the scope, avoid the use of rebar to replace the round steel phenomenon.

(3) Grounding device construction. The grounding device shall be laid at a position not more than 50cm from the ground, and the artificial grounding body shall be set at a position more than 3m away from the entrance to the building. If it is less than 3m, it shall be ensured to maintain a partial depth of more than 1m or to take certain insulation measures. The depth of the foundation of a building is usually more than 0.5m in depth, which mainly depends on the actual height of the foundation and the height of the embedded equipment. General rake or box foundations and strip foundations are provided with ribs on the base of the foundation. Different types of pile foundations are usually provided with more bearing beams or foundation pull beams, which are in accordance with the requirements for the construction of basic grounding devices.

3. Construction electrical installation and installation techniques

(1) Laying of cables. Should carefully check the cable model, specifications, etc. meet the basic requirements of the design and construction, and after a rigorous insulation test before the cable can be laid. When laying cables, try to avoid the phenomenon of cross-laying of cables. The cables should be arranged in a regular and stable manner. Marks should be set on the laying of cable locations and joint locations. Follow the top-down principle for the orderly arrangement of power cables and control cables. Generally, control cables installed on common brackets should be laid with one layer. It is advisable that cables installed on the bridge should not exceed three layers. In addition, the operation of cable joints must meet the requirements of design and construction, and the installation personnel must have a skillful level of technology. It should be avoided in the harsh environment filled with dust and dirt to prevent joint contamination. The operation of the cable connector is ensured at one time. It is forbidden to expose the exposed cable connector to a harsh environment for a long period of time to avoid moisture.

(2) Installation of sockets and switches. When installing concealed sockets and switches, connect the wires from the wire box to the panel of switches and sockets, and place the wires connected to the switch or socket in the box. Fix the box eyes and fix them with screws. Make sure that the fixed panel is upright and flush with the cover. When installing a wall-mounted socket or switch, the wire drawn from the wire box first passes through the hole of the plastic table, and the plastic table is fixed to be flush with the cover. After the plastic table is fixed, the ground wire to be led out will be The phase lines pass through the holes in accordance with their corresponding positions, and the conductors are fixed according to relevant requirements. At the same time, the switches and sockets are tightly attached to the plastic stage, the positions are corrected, and the screws are used to fix; finally, the switches are closed. , socket protection cover.

(3) Installation of the distribution box. It must be ensured that the distance between the bottom of the distribution box and the ground meets the requirements of the design and construction specifications. Strictly avoid damage to the conductors when the conductors are being removed, and carefully fix the conductors. When connecting the terminal strips and strands of conductors, set a proper number of crimping terminals to connect them to the terminal block after uniform soldering. When the crimping hole is connected, the multi-strand wire is pressed through the niobium, and then the top wire is used for crimping, so as to avoid the phenomenon of shearing the number of the wire. Correspond to the connection between the brake device and the branch line in the distribution box, and set up the card frame with the name of each line and each circuit.

(4) Installation of lightning protection grounding. When the light colored steel roof is used as a lightning protection belt, the color steel plate is installed scientifically and reasonably. In general, the pile base tendons and the base tendons are used as grounding poles for lightning protection, and the column rods and the lightning protection nets are used for effective connection. If there is a phenomenon that the disconnected card test point is unstable, it should be set to the form of a grounded pole test point, and a 4×40 galvanized flat iron should be used as a connection test point. When using the basic steel bar as the grounding electrode, the inside and outside of the two main reinforcement rings are welded together, and the horizontal and vertical main bars in the ring are welded with the external and internal main bars, and the piled bars with the pile foundation should be used together with the basic bar. Connect, and according to the design drawing request, the specified column ribs are welded with the outer main ribs and the basic ribs to form the down conductor. Spot welding is forbidden for each welding point and double-sided welding should be carried out to ensure a welding length of 6 times the diameter of the rebar.

Conclusion

The quality of electrical installation directly affects the quality of the entire construction project and even the safety of people's lives and properties. Therefore, the electrical installation project must be regarded as an important task, and it must always be placed in a critical position, and efforts must be made to strengthen the quality of electrical installation projects. The improvement of management level ensures the safety and reliability of electrical engineering and fully guarantees the healthy and stable operation of the entire building project.