Alkaline fuel cells are the first fuel cells to be used. In AFC , the concentrated KOH solution acts both as an electrolyte and as a coolant. It acts to transfer OH- from the cathode to the anode . The operating temperature of the battery is typically 80 degrees Celsius and is sensitive to CO2 poisoning.
Alkaline fuel cells usually use potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte, the conductive ions are OH- , and the fuel is hydrogen.
Anode reaction: H2+2OH- → 2H2O+O2   Standard electrode potential is -0.0828V
Cathodic reaction: 1/2O2+H2O+2e- → 2OH-    Standard electrode potential is 0.401V
Total response:  1/2O2+O2+H2 → H2O     The theoretical electromotive force is 0.401- ( -0.828 ) =-1.229V
The catalyst of AFC mainly uses noble metals such as platinum, palladium, gold, silver and transition metals such as nickel, cobalt and manganese.
The advantages of AFC are:
High efficiency because the reduction of oxygen in alkaline media is higher than other acidic media;
Because it is an alkaline medium, a non-platinum catalyst can be used;
Due to the low working temperature and alkaline medium, nickel plates can be used as bipolar plates.
The disadvantages of AFC are:
Because the electrolyte is alkaline, easy and CO2 generation K2CO3, Na2CO3 precipitation, seriously affect battery performance, it is necessary to remove the CO2, which gives the application a great deal of difficulty in a normal environment.
The water balance problem of the battery is complicated and affects the stability of the battery.
In the die casting industry, according to the difference of equipment, it can usually be divided into cold chamber die casting and Hot Chamber Die Casting. Cold chamber die casting is most used in aluminum alloy die casting. Cold chamber die casting is suitable for die casting of various non-ferrous metals, and its models are relatively complete, and the die castings of large and small parts are more suitable for production; the production operation is relatively simple, the production efficiency is high, and it is easy to automate. At present, the most used in the industry is also cold chamber die casting.
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