(1) Lubrication
When the engine is running, if some of the friction parts are not properly lubricated, dry friction will occur. Practice has proved that the heat generated by dry friction in a short period of time is enough to melt the metal, causing damage or even jamming of the parts (many of the leaking or leaking cars have problems such as pulling the cylinder and holding the shaft, the main reason is this). Therefore, it is necessary to give good lubrication to the friction parts in the engine. When the lubricating oil flows to the friction part, it will adhere to the friction surface to form an oil film, which reduces the resistance between the friction parts, and the strength and toughness of the oil film is the key to exert its lubricating effect.
(2) cooling effect
Only a small part of the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel in the engine is used for the power output and the frictional resistance consumption and the drive of the auxiliary mechanism; the rest of the heat is discharged into the atmosphere by the exhaust gas, and is also used by the cooling medium belt in the engine. Take a part. Excess heat in the engine must be exhausted from the body, otherwise the engine will burn out due to excessive temperature. This aspect is accomplished by the engine cooling system. On the other hand, the lubricating oil absorbs heat from the surfaces of the cylinder, the piston, the crankshaft and the like and is then taken to the oil sump for dissipation.
(3) washing effect
When the engine is working, it will produce a lot of dirt. Such as inhalation of sand, dust, air formed by the combustion of the mixture, the formation of a gel after the oxidation of the lubricating oil, friction between the parts to produce metal chips and so on. These dirt will adhere to the friction surface of the machine. If it is not washed, it will increase the wear of the machine. In addition, a large amount of colloid will cause the piston ring to stick and stick, resulting in the engine not functioning properly. Therefore, these dirt must be cleaned in time, and this cleaning process is accomplished by circulating lubricating oil in the body.
(4) Sealing effect
There is a certain gap between the cylinder and the piston of the engine, the piston ring and the ring groove, and between the valve and the valve seat, so that the movement pairs are not stuck. However, these gaps can cause poor cylinder sealing and air leakage in the combustion chamber, resulting in lower cylinder pressure and engine output. The oil film formed by these lubricants in these gaps ensures the tightness of the cylinder, maintains cylinder pressure and engine output, and prevents exhaust gas from falling down into the crankcase.
(5) Anti-rust effect
When the engine is running or storing, the moisture in the atmosphere, lubricating oil, fuel oil and the acid gas generated by the combustion will cause corrosion and rust on the machine parts, thus increasing the damage of the friction surface. The oil film formed on the surface of the lubricating oil can avoid direct contact between the machine and water and acid gas to prevent corrosion and rust.
(6) Elimination of impact load
At the end of the compression stroke, the mixture begins to burn and the cylinder pressure rises sharply. At this time, the lubricating oil in the bearing clearance will alleviate the impact load on the piston, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft and other parts, so that the engine can work smoothly and prevent direct metal contact and reduce wear.
When the engine is running, if some of the friction parts are not properly lubricated, dry friction will occur. Practice has proved that the heat generated by dry friction in a short period of time is enough to melt the metal, causing damage or even jamming of the parts (many of the leaking or leaking cars have problems such as pulling the cylinder and holding the shaft, the main reason is this). Therefore, it is necessary to give good lubrication to the friction parts in the engine. When the lubricating oil flows to the friction part, it will adhere to the friction surface to form an oil film, which reduces the resistance between the friction parts, and the strength and toughness of the oil film is the key to exert its lubricating effect.
(2) cooling effect
Only a small part of the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel in the engine is used for the power output and the frictional resistance consumption and the drive of the auxiliary mechanism; the rest of the heat is discharged into the atmosphere by the exhaust gas, and is also used by the cooling medium belt in the engine. Take a part. Excess heat in the engine must be exhausted from the body, otherwise the engine will burn out due to excessive temperature. This aspect is accomplished by the engine cooling system. On the other hand, the lubricating oil absorbs heat from the surfaces of the cylinder, the piston, the crankshaft and the like and is then taken to the oil sump for dissipation.
(3) washing effect
When the engine is working, it will produce a lot of dirt. Such as inhalation of sand, dust, air formed by the combustion of the mixture, the formation of a gel after the oxidation of the lubricating oil, friction between the parts to produce metal chips and so on. These dirt will adhere to the friction surface of the machine. If it is not washed, it will increase the wear of the machine. In addition, a large amount of colloid will cause the piston ring to stick and stick, resulting in the engine not functioning properly. Therefore, these dirt must be cleaned in time, and this cleaning process is accomplished by circulating lubricating oil in the body.
(4) Sealing effect
There is a certain gap between the cylinder and the piston of the engine, the piston ring and the ring groove, and between the valve and the valve seat, so that the movement pairs are not stuck. However, these gaps can cause poor cylinder sealing and air leakage in the combustion chamber, resulting in lower cylinder pressure and engine output. The oil film formed by these lubricants in these gaps ensures the tightness of the cylinder, maintains cylinder pressure and engine output, and prevents exhaust gas from falling down into the crankcase.
(5) Anti-rust effect
When the engine is running or storing, the moisture in the atmosphere, lubricating oil, fuel oil and the acid gas generated by the combustion will cause corrosion and rust on the machine parts, thus increasing the damage of the friction surface. The oil film formed on the surface of the lubricating oil can avoid direct contact between the machine and water and acid gas to prevent corrosion and rust.
(6) Elimination of impact load
At the end of the compression stroke, the mixture begins to burn and the cylinder pressure rises sharply. At this time, the lubricating oil in the bearing clearance will alleviate the impact load on the piston, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft and other parts, so that the engine can work smoothly and prevent direct metal contact and reduce wear.
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