Unprofitable old age constrains economic development experts recommend raising the working age limit

"Aging and Health" has become the theme of World Health Day on April 7 this year.

Faced with the aging of the population has become a global phenomenon, some experts believe that China has entered the aging society ahead of time without modernization and the economy is still underdeveloped, that is, “not getting rich before the old”; the old-age service system lags behind the demand for old-age care services. "Not ready to be old." How should China respond actively? The "Legal Daily" reporter interviewed Xiong Bijun, president of the Institute of Gerontological Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

According to reports, when the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and above from the total population rose from 7% to 14%, it marked a transition from an "ageing society" to an "ageing society." It took France more than 100 years to complete this process, while Brazil, China, Japan, Chile and other countries only spent about 25 years.

In this regard, Xiong Bijun said that from the statistics of the UN Population Fund, the population aging is mainly due to two reasons. First, the birth rate is declining. Second, human beings live longer. The same is true in China. It is predicted that by 2015, the proportion of the elderly population in China's total population may rise to 15.2%, while the proportion of working-age population will drop to 66.0%. The total dependency ratio has risen to 51.6%, and will face the challenge of closing the window of “demographic dividend” (referring to the proportion of working-age population exceeding 66.6% and total dependency ratio below 50%).

Regarding the general phenomenon of a young couple in China who would provide support for both parents of four elderly people by 2015, Xiong Bijun believes that economic development, increased income, and increased ability to support can increase the ability of aging to bear. At the same time, with the improvement of the health of the elderly, prolonging life expectancy can increase labor resources. Of course, it also includes improving the quality of the entire population and making up for the reduction in the number of working-age people; raising the upper limit of the working age, and extending the “demographic dividend” period through legislation.

Xiong Bijun said that the age range of the working-age population is not permanent, and the main basis for determining the working-age range is the status of population resources, the requirements for the development of social productivity on the quantity and quality of labor, the life expectancy of the population, and the level of scientific education development. With the development of social productivity, improvement of population quality and prolonged life expectancy, it is necessary and possible to increase the upper limit of the labor age accordingly so that the proportion of the working-age population will remain at a level conducive to the sustainable development of social economy and pension insurance.

He said that China's "12th Five-Year Plan" has raised the average life expectancy by one year as an important development goal. If we increase the life expectancy, the upper limit of the working age will be raised by 1 year from the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” and will increase to 64 years by 2035. By then, the proportion of working-age population will increase from 58.1% to 71.5. %, an increase of 7.1 percentage points, the total dependency ratio will also drop from 72.2% to 53.3%, extending the "demographic dividend" beyond 2030.

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