China's machine tool industry has entered the ranks of the world's first party Liang Xunzhen China Machine Tool Industry Association; I Beijing 100055 evaluation. Based on the figures and performance, this paper analyzes and discusses the position of China's machine tool industry in the world from the breadth of global vision and the contribution to China's national economic construction. The "market self-satisfaction rate" proposed in the article "China's CNC machine tool development has entered a mature stage", product self-development capability and lineup "and future measures and focus" are the author's latest judgments and temptations on the current situation.
Machine tools are the basic means of production for the equipment industry. The machine tool industry is a basic industry and a strategic industry that is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood and national defense construction. It is closely watched by all parties in the world. Under the guidance of the country's correct policies and guidelines, China's machine tool industry has built a large-scale and relatively comprehensive industrial system through the economic recovery period and ten five-year plans, especially the hard work of reform and opening up 20 years ago. The technical reserves have considerable competitive strength. On the whole, China's machine tool industry has entered the first phalanx of the world. The paper analyzes the main aspects such as total supply capacity, product variety and performance level, R&D strength and technology development, and application status of enterprise technology.
The total supply capacity is extraordinary In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and the strengthening of national defense construction, China's equipment manufacturing industry has put forward urgent needs in terms of production capacity and time for the basic and strategic production and manufacturing methods of machine tools.
In particular, in 2002, China's machine tool market consumption rose to 5.9 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world. Faced with this huge demand, China's machine tool industry is struggling to meet the trend. In 002, the market self-satisfaction rate reached 48) (the world's machine tool industry developed countries and regions in the same year, the corresponding domestic and regional market self-satisfaction rates are: 曰本86), Italy 67 ), Germany 59), Spain 44), Switzerland 42), South Korea 35), France 33), Taiwan Province 32), the United States 30), Canada 19), the United Kingdom 11)), which to some extent reflects China's machine tool industry Executive director of the General Industry Economic Association. He has long been engaged in the research, technical management and international cooperation of the machine tool industry. He once served as the director and chief engineer of the National Machine Tool Committee and the Machine Tool Bureau of the Ministry of Machinery. In 1986, he was able to prepare for the establishment of the China Machine Tool Industry Association as the first president.
Looking back at the history of the supply of basic equipment in China's machinery manufacturing industry, according to the national industrial census data, the updated machine tool ownership in the past 0 years is about 3.78 million units, including 2.94 million gold cutting machines and 840,000 forging machines. China's self-supplied equipment accounts for the majority of the possession, including ultra-heavy-duty metal cutting machine tools and forging equipment, high-precision precision machine tools and CNC machine tools, and automatic dry semi-automatic production lines. Taking the major engineering projects as an example, in the environment of embargo and blockade that year, in order to equip the machine tool industry with an annual output of 100,000 trucks, the machine tool industry has made every effort to provide 96% of the amines. The amount of investment accounted for 80)) of various equipment, including 666 sets of lines and 30 automatic production lines, and was praised by Comrade Xiaoping as "the cornucopia."
For a big country like ours, we must ensure the independent and independent status of the country as a basic industry in all aspects. In the past, we have made contributions to the future.
2 Product Variety Complete With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, the manufacturing industry is facing the acceleration of the frequency of manufacturing objects and the individualization of processing objects, thus placing higher demands on the machine tool industry that provides processing and manufacturing equipment. It has also become an important indicator of the comprehensive strength of a few beds in a country (region). In recent years, China's machine tool industry has driven market demand to drive the research and development of new products in the industry. The development of new intellectual property rights has reached more than 400 kinds of new products. By the end of 2002, the country's updated machine tool varieties have accumulated nearly 3,500 kinds of CNC. And other high-tech products up to 1,500 kinds), basically no important gaps, which is also in the forefront of the world.
China's forging, electric processing, gear processing equipment, etc. can be said that the variety is complete, the performance is superior. The representative forging equipment and manufacturing technology products of forging machine tools are: Jinan Second Machine Tool Group Co., Ltd. is a series of mechanical presses. The pressure tonnage has been expanded from 20000kN to 63000kN, which is in the international advanced ranks. It has provided 7 articles for General Motors. The stamping automatic production line has caused strong repercussions in the US market; Shanghai Forging Machine Tool Plant has developed its self-weight 860*, presses 12m automobile girders and pressure tonnage up to 50000kN hydraulic presses. Only foreign companies in Germany and Germany have the same level of products. The large-diameter steel pipe production line developed by the plant for the West-East Gas Pipeline, the 30000kN14m CNC hydraulic bending machine and the 20000kN hydraulic pipe-making machine for the West-East Power Transmission are also one of the few in the world.
China's electric processing machine tools have been self-contained, and have an annual output of 20,000 units, CNC rate of 80 / in the published statistics, the data and CNC gold cutting machine parallel X can basically meet the domestic demand for production capacity. Technically, B has expanded to micro-EDM processing and won the National Invention Award. X is a high-efficiency EDM milling process for aero-engine integrated impeller machining, electric melting and explosion processing of super-hard material rolls, and EDM hair-rolling cold-rolling processing. field.
3 CNC machine tools are fruitful. CNC machine tools are the mainstream equipment in today's manufacturing industry. They are hot commodities in the market. Some high-end CNC machine tools are still subject to embargo restrictions on the international market as strategic materials. The development of CNC machine tools in China has experienced 30 years of ups and downs, and B has entered maturity through the growth period.
China's supply of 1500 kinds of CNC machine tools, covering ultra-heavy machine tools, high-precision machine tools, special processing machine tools, forging equipment, cutting-edge high-tech machine tools and other fields can be comparable to the United States, Germany, Italy, the United States and other countries.
The five-axis coordinate linkage CNC machine tool is a high-tech masterpiece of CNC machine tools. The five-axis linkage milling machine used for large-scale propeller space surface machining has caused a sensational US and smashing the "Toshiba incident" of the former Soviet Union. The US Congress imported 16 such multi-axis linkages for aircraft manufacturing. The old machine tool concocted the so-called Cox report requiring sanctions.
These CNC five-axis linkage product technologies, which are still subject to embargo, China has successively mastered heavy-duty floor boring and milling machines such as CNC five-axis linkage, gantry milling and boring machines, machining centers, etc., and the 7th China International Machine Tool Exhibition in 001 ( At CIMT2001), B exhibited five such domestic machine tools and supplied them to the market. At the 8th CIMT exhibition held in April this year, China launched 18 more such exhibits, including three heavy-duty gantry mobile CNC five-axis linkage boring and milling machines for aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding and metallurgical industries.
CNC super heavy-duty machine tools are the key equipment for the manufacture of major equipment manufacturing and heavy weapons in water, fire, and children's power station equipment manufacturing, shipbuilding, metallurgical and mining. Wuhan Heavy-duty Machine Tool Group has developed 5 sets of CNC vertical lathes B with a diameter of up to 16m, representing the advanced level of China's super heavy-duty machine tools. The ultra-heavy-duty machine developed and put into use by B is also equipped with CNC gantry milling center, gantry type, bridge type, fixed beam type compound boring and milling machine, processing horizontal lathe with workpiece weight 300* and diameter 4.5m, machining workpiece CNC roll grinder with a weight of 200* and a diameter of 2.2m. At present, only two or three of them can produce CNC super heavy-duty machine tools on the Zhou Dynasty.
The vertical horizontal machining center is a basic equipment that constitutes a flexible production line, and is a basic equipment that combines the basic functions of a floor boring machine, a bed-type milling machine, a coordinate drilling and boring machine, and has the function of automatically changing a tool or automatically changing a workpiece tray according to a numerical control program. A type of processing equipment with a large proportion of demand in the manufacturing industry accounts for about 30% of the total demand for CNC metal cutting machine tools), which is a hot commodity in the world machine tool market. In recent years, these products have developed rapidly in China, and more than 40 companies are able to produce general-purpose B batch production. A few manufacturers B have high-precision and large-size products entering the market.
CNC lathes are also one of the largest proportions of CNC machine tools. China B has more than 50 companies, Shenyang Machine Tool Group, Dalian Machine Tool Group, Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Baoji Machine Tool Plant, Yunji, Great Wall, KONE, etc. All B are mass-produced, and the variety is complete and the quality is stable and reliable. B has crossed the threshold of monthly production of 100 units.
CNC gear processing machine is also one of the strengths of China's machine tool products. It is a series of six-axis five-link CNC hobbing machine, seven-axis five-link worm-type grinding wheel grinding machine, and seven-axis six-coupling spiral bevel gear grinding machine, all of which have been in the past three years. Mass production of new world-class machine tools.
China's CNC machine tool products B have extended to complete sets and composite areas. According to the seven-month delivery period, Zhongjie Machine Tool Factory has handed over four production lines with CNC boring and milling machine as the main body for the Shanghai Maglev Train Project. It is an outstanding representative of the ability of China's machine tool industry to provide complete sets of equipment.
CNC system is the nerve center of CNC machine tools, which is a key link that hinders the development of CNC machine tools in China for a long time. In the world, after years of market competition for the survival of the fittest, B formed a monopoly situation in which the company has a global market of 50/, and Siemens of Germany has a 25/. Since the end of the 1990s, China has mastered the open architecture based on the general 32-bit industrial computer, and has stepped into the ranks of the world's advanced technology to develop a CNC system that can be matched with machining centers, compound turning machines and gear machines, especially It can control five-axis linkage such as Guilin Machine Tool Company and Multi-edge Machine Tool Company gantry type boring and milling machine, Qiyi Turning and Milling Compound Machining Center) and CNC system with networked remote monitoring, diagnosis and operation functions, and develops arc teeth. Bevel gear CNC machining, 3D laser vision inspection, propeller seven-axis five-link machining and the world's original space surface interpolation software. At present, the cost-effective advantages of domestic CNC systems that are put into the market in batches are obviously changing the monopoly of international players in the Chinese market. The matching digital AC servo speed control motor and spindle motor B have their own intellectual property rights.
Forging equipment and boring technology CNC machine tools are mainly equipped with mechanical components such as ball screws, CNC turrets, indexing tables, electric spindles and spindle components that can realize two rotating coordinates.
4 The role of R&D system highlights the product research and development strength of China's machine tool industry consists of three parts, namely the enterprise R&D base, the research department of higher education institutions and the specially set up research institutions (seven institutes and one hospital). The nature of the former two is developed with the foreign machine tool industry. The country is similar, and the latter has only similar institutions in individual countries and regions. The research and development strength of these three aspects contributes to the technological progress of China's machine tool industry from different angles.
There are many examples of the company's R&D bases for product innovation and performance upgrades. For example, the high-efficiency CNC seven-coordinate six-coupling worm-type grinding wheel grinding machine developed by Qinchuan Machine Tool Group Technology Research Institute in 2002 has reached the world advanced level and filled the international level. The blank of the variety specifications; the high-precision super heavy-duty roll grinder developed by the National Technology Center of the dangerous peak machine tool factory and equipped with the special numerical control system for independent intellectual property rights has entered the world first.
The research team of colleges and universities is known for its basic common technology, cutting-edge technology and software technology. It has achieved the achievements of cutting-edge technology products such as virtual axis machine tools by combining product research and development with complementary advantages. Setting up production and operation companies in colleges and universities and transforming special scientific research results into machine tool products may be a more special way in the world machine tool industry. The spiral-toothed bevel gear grinding machine developed by Central South University and the world-class rapid prototyping machine products, such as Huazhong University of Science and Technology, have entered the market in a similar way.
The independent research unit in the field of machine tool industry in China has been undertaking basic common research and development work. It has the advantages of integrated development of top-level products with a number of basic common technologies. The scientific research system has the characteristics of science and technology-oriented enterprises, and the tongue is more enhanced, such as Beijing. The nanotechnology machine tool of the Machine Tool Research Institute and the CNC rotary head stamping and laser compound machine tool of Jinan Foundry & Forging Machinery Research Institute are examples of China's R&D strength.
The R&D capability is also embodied in the special-purpose milling machine for the special needs, such as the special milling machine for the Shenzhou manned spacecraft combustion chamber, the ultra-high-travel vertical car for the electric boiler, and the special equipment for processing the world's largest caliber large-field astronomical telescope parts. , both - for the demand unit to submit a satisfactory answer.
5 Technology Highlands has the courage to climb the field of machine tool technology as a means of manufacturing and processing. In recent years, it has become a revolutionary technology development, and the emergence of virtual axis structure and the rapid prototyping technology.
In the early 1990s, the Ingersoll company's virtual axis machine tool linkage machine tool appeared in the form of commercial products at the International Machine Tool Show in the United States. In addition, Sweden, France, Sakamoto, Russia, and Poland developed similar experiments. The product is asking for directions.
After being put into the market in small quantities, the Swedish company Nias has the most outstanding performance. The Cincinnati Company of the United States has made new progress in realizing the multi-coordinate linkage action of the spindle components based on the traditional horizontal boring and milling machine structure.
In the past few years, China's scientific and technological circles have also made breakthroughs. In addition to realizing the virtual axis machine tool with parallel structure, it also realizes the purpose of using series-parallel structure in combination with different uses and using virtual axis principle to simplify programming and expand processing space.
Rapid prototyping technology is a great change in the processing principle that has appeared in the past ten years. Unlike the traditional methods of removing material cutting and punching and shearing, the rapid prototyping technology is the opposite of material stacking to achieve the workpiece. The purpose is to quickly design the concept to make the prototype workpiece foot to verify the feasibility of the design. X shorten the product trial cycle has revolutionary significance, is the product of material science and computer software technology, high-precision hardware technology and other disciplines. There are not many countries in the world that have mastered this technology, and China has its own intellectual property rights technology and products. The more prominent domestic ones are Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Daheng Company of the Academy of Sciences, and several private technology-oriented enterprises. . At present, it has the ability to produce more than 100 products in the market, and has entered the world's advanced ranks and exported technology to Singapore.
Machine tool industry design technology is a new technology integrating ergonomics, environmental art and computer-aided design technology. In order to improve the competitiveness of machine tool products, China has set up a numerical control machine tool design research center, which is also a relatively unique practice in the world. The center has a first-class human-machine laboratory for human factors and humanized design research. It has created unique designs for dozens of products from more than a dozen important machine tool manufacturers such as Beiyi, Shenyi, Jiyi and Great Wall. After the personality recognition style is put into the market, the effect is remarkable. Users generally reflect that the direct perception of China's machine tools has been continuously on several steps, and the appearance of excellent products is more contemporary and practical, and is welcomed by the market. The “Knowledge-based Intelligent Auxiliary Network Synthetic Modeling System†developed by the research center, including the external frame of the machine tool and the knowledge base of the machine tool humanity technology, utilizes the service system built on the Internet platform in a collaborative parallel manner. Throughout the entire process of machine tool product development, as an extension of the company's design resources, for the machine tool industry.
Nano-machining and sub-micron processing technology and equipment are at the forefront of contemporary ultra-high-precision technology. The Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute has won several world-leading points in the market.
The above-mentioned explorations at the forefront of technology and its achievements show that China's machine tool industry's scientific and technological innovation thinking is active, reflecting the extraordinary technical strength. This is the late-coming advantage of China's machine tool industry to participate in market competition and seize the world's technological commanding heights.
Forging equipment and technology, the application of a wide range of modern management concepts and the application of multiplier technology has become a key link in the world's manufacturing industry to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. For the manufacturing enterprise, the multi-interest technology is an extremely effective means to improve the economic efficiency of the enterprise. The technical structure connotation is mainly computer-aided technology and network technology. Compared with developed countries, China's starting pace is not slow and the application effect is obvious.
Computer-aided management technology has been initially applied in China's machine tool industry enterprises similar to foreign countries. In recent years, network technology has risen. Machine tool enterprises have established a lot of internal LANs. Some have realized data sharing and gradually promoted ERP. Many manufacturers have established their own corporate websites and promoted their products to users around the world. E-commerce activities.
The implementation of multi-interest technology in enterprises can accelerate product development, improve production management, improve communication supply, sell multiple interest rates, and accelerate market response, thereby increasing enterprise efficiency. It is a powerful means for machine tool industry developed countries to improve market competitiveness. In this respect, with the improvement of the national interest rate industry environment, China's machine tool industry can basically synchronize with the machine tool enterprises in industrialized countries in the application of interest rate technology.
7 Complementing and growing up and making persistent efforts) Accelerating institutional and institutional reforms. China's machine tool industry still has a dominant position in terms of ownership, and plays a pivotal role in promoting the development of the industry. At present, the main obstacles restricting the development of state-owned machine tool enterprises are mechanism and system problems. The drawbacks left by the planned economic system are reflected in the mobilization of personnel enthusiasm in all aspects of property rights positioning, business philosophy and operation system. The insiders deeply feel that the issue of institutional and institutional reform is a matter of the rise and fall of state-owned enterprises. China's machine tool industry has a large amount of equipment investment in the state-owned enterprises. Practice has proved that the greater the pace of reform in the system and mechanism, the more obvious the economic and social benefits will be achieved. There are many types of reforms that have yet to be explored. This is one of the key points for the sustainable development of China's machine tool industry.
With overseas production, technical cooperation, the introduction of technology and talents, financing joint ventures, and the sole proprietorship of factories, it is being carried out one after another. More than 100 results of seeing results have produced good results in adapting to market demand and improving product performance.
Compared with the efforts made by China's machine tool industry to protect domestic demand, the export work is obviously very weak compared with the strength and export effectiveness of the Taiwan machine tool industry. It should be said that the mainland machine tool industry should be more promising in terms of exports, and it can be based on its own strength. In addition to the actual situation, more effective measures will be taken to achieve more comprehensive development; the "going out" policy repeatedly emphasized by the central government has important guiding significance for the current machine tool industry in China. Dalian Machine Tool Group took the lead in setting up a suitable target based on the conventional expansion of export methods, establishing a foothold with “localization†characteristics that can control major equity overseas, entering the international market, and further accumulating and selling its technology. The network and business model are used by me, so as to effectively absorb advanced enterprise management methods and methods to improve the performance of products to adapt to the world market performance of stagnation exports. This is a measure that should be taken actively and cautiously when China joins the world economic cycle after China's accession to the WTO.
6 retrospective technology innovation, talent cultivation. The main winning factor in the international machine tool market competition is technological innovation. The most important concern for users of machine tools is their use value. Therefore, in order to successfully develop new products, especially special products, the effective way is to form alliances with users and deeply understand the use process so that new products can bring users Satisfactory benefits.
Some basic technologies and new technologies in machine tool design are the basis for ensuring that new products can win. R & D work should be advanced, strengthened, and reserved, in order to make the company's products continue to innovate and win in the market competition.
The key to achieving technological innovation in product development is the technical and technical talents. Strengthening the cultivation of talents in this area is an enduring task for enterprises in the present and in the future. Optimize enterprise management to improve business efficiency. The efficiency and efficiency of enterprises are mainly reflected in labor productivity and capital utilization. Compared with international advanced enterprises, China's machine tool enterprises have a big gap. The fundamental reason lies in the backward management of enterprises. The modernization of idle enterprise management and the use of multiple technology to improve the operating efficiency of enterprises are urgent measures for China's machine tool manufacturers. ) Adjust the structure and develop in an all-round way. With the development of the division of science and technology, the improvement of enterprise optimization management network technology and the strengthening of the interaction and dependence between enterprises and the external economic environment, the industrial structure of the modern machine tool industry and the internal structure of the enterprise have gradually changed significantly, for example, machine tools. Manufacturing companies rely more and more on social collaboration and social support on the basis of their own technological innovation. A modern machine tool product, the proportion of its functional parts and certain outsourcing parts in production costs can be as high as 50+ or ​​more. More importantly, the advanced technology integration of functional components often becomes the decisive factor of product performance. Due to the weak domestic functional component industry, the industry has become a "bottleneck" in the development of China's machine tool industry. On the other hand, although the internal management of the company has gradually paid more attention to the flow of funds and the operation of the multi-stream, the logistics management technology has not yet been raised to the level it should be. Therefore, in order for China's machine tool industry to develop in an all-round way, it is necessary to take corresponding measures in the adjustment of the industrial structure and internal structure of the enterprise.
China's machine tool industry as a whole, the forging equipment and the smashing technology that has entered the world ranks. The development of CNC laser cutting machine from CIMT2003 Zhao Zhichao 1 Tao Wei 2 G. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jinan 250014, China Jiangsu Yangzhou 225009 Germany TRUMPF, Jinan Jiemai CNC Machinery Co., Ltd. CNC laser cutting machine exhibits, explored the technical status and development trend of CNC laser cutting machine.
Foreword CNC laser cutting machine is the fastest growing sheet metal processing equipment in the past decade. In the industrialized countries such as the United States, Europe and Sakamoto, the sales of laser cutting machines have been increasing year by year, and the scale has been expanding, showing a good development momentum. Since the introduction of the first 1500W high-power C2 laser cutting equipment in China in 1983, nearly 10 companies in China have produced more than 300 CNC laser cutting machines. The CNC laser cutting machines imported from advanced countries have also surpassed. 200 sets, the domestic laser cutting machine has about 600 units, this figure is far from meeting the needs of industrial development. It is expected that the social demand will reach more than 1,000 in 5 years.
Compared with CNC turret punch press, CNC laser cutting machine has higher processing speed and processing precision, and has better processing flexibility and adaptability of cutting materials. It can process metal sheets as well as non-metal sheets and process carbon. The thickness of the steel plate has reached even thicker and there is a tendency to replace the CNC turret punch press.
Development Status of Laser Cutting Machines Many well-known companies in the world have used laser cutting as the main processing method, which further promotes the further development of CNC laser cutting equipment. It can be seen from the 8th China International Machine Tool Show held in Beijing in April 2003 that foreign advanced equipment manufacturers have made great efforts in this regard. At the exhibition, Sakamoto's /MA-DA, MURATA, NTC, Germany's TRUMPF, Switzerland's BYSTRONIC, Italy's PRIMA (Shenyang), the domestic Jinan Jiemai CNC Machinery Co., Ltd. Jinan Casting and Forging Machinery Research Institute, etc. are at the exhibition. A CNC laser cutting machine was on display. These devices reflect the characteristics of their respective manufacturers and superior machine performance to varying degrees.
These exhibits have the following common features: First, they use advanced flight light path technology with a switch-type dual workbench; second, they are equipped with high-power C2 lasers, which increase the cutting thickness of the plates and greatly increase the cutting speed. In addition, the German laser machine of TRUMPF and AMADA of Japan adopts the first square of linear motor drive, but it will be more intense competition in front of us. Meet the bigger challenges.
There is a long way to go, and I am not waiting for it. The Chinese machine tool industry must work hard, forging equipment and smashing technology.
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