 China's auto industry has been in a catch-up situation, and there are still big gaps with major auto countries such as Germany, the United States, and Japan, including technical level, manufacturing process level, and brand value. However, the rise of the new energy automobile industry has given China the opportunity to catch up quickly and even achieve the "curve overtaking". In 2016, China's new energy vehicle sales accounted for 50% of the global market, becoming the world's largest electric vehicle market.
With the rapid development of China's new energy automobile industry, new energy vehicles have also received more and more attention and recognition from countries. Recently, Audi has issued the task of producing pure electric vehicles , and Daimler has also transferred its research and development power to pure electric and hybrid technology. It can be foreseen that the energy of the “blowout†of the global electric vehicle industry is gathering rapidly, and the outbreak is only a matter of time.
With the strong entry of multinational corporations and the gradual decline of China's policy subsidies, how domestic new energy auto companies can improve their core competitiveness and stand firm in international competition is a barrier in front of Chinese automakers.
One of the key technologies of new energy vehicles is power batteries. It can be said that the technical level of power batteries is the key to the development of new energy vehicles. The cost, technology, and manufacturing level of the power battery determine the cost, driving range, performance, and comfort of the new energy vehicle. Therefore, if China's new energy auto companies want to survive in the post-subsidy era, they must work hard on the technical research and development of power batteries.
In recent years, China's power battery technology has made great progress. However, the current power battery level is still affected by multiple factors such as material characteristics, process level, and integration technology, and it cannot fully meet the requirements of pure electric vehicles. This article only discusses the pain points that need to be solved from the field of manufacturing around power batteries.
Pain point one
Incomplete standard specifications
The research and development and industrialization of electric vehicles in China have developed rapidly, and the work cycle for the formulation and revision of relevant standards is relatively long. The existing new energy vehicle standard systems and standards are not comprehensive enough for some new technologies and new products. There is a lack of standards or standards in products or certain technical fields, and there are still cases where standard revisions cannot keep up with development needs.
For example, in terms of safety technical standards, foreign countries have adopted a relatively late introduction of relevant standards, so they are more complete and mature than domestic safety technology standards, more practical, more targeted, and more advanced technical indicators. However, China's current safety standards have been introduced earlier, and there are many places that need to be improved and improved, such as power battery modules and system heat-induced incentive test standards for thermal runaway.
Recommendations: Formulate and implement power battery standards and industry management practices, strengthen the standardization of standards, further standardize the market order of power batteries, and effectively integrate and allocate resources.
Pain point two
Power battery design is not standardized
At present, the technical route of power batteries is still controversial. Last year, the decision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to suspend the ternary material battery bus into the list of recommended models for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles has caused the potential impact on the development and use of ternary batteries to a certain extent. The debate on whether or not to use them is still going on. In addition, there is no uniform and followable specification for the design of power batteries, which leads to different design ideas of different enterprises. The design ideas of the same enterprise are often revised repeatedly, resulting in a large lack of battery performance. Battery manufacturers often only pursue the optimal performance of their products in a certain aspect, lacking the evaluation and balance of the comprehensive performance of the power battery, for example, only pursuing the capacity of the power battery, which results in too many types of products in the power battery market, and the quality is not good. Chaotic state.
Recommendation: The design sequence of power battery performance should follow three principles: the first principle is safe, reliable, consistent, and durable; the second principle is cost, cycle, self-discharge, rate, capacity; the third principle is size, internal resistance, High and low temperature performance.
Pain point three
Poor manufacturing process consistency
The manufacturing process of the power battery is complicated and has many processes, including the preparation of positive and negative electrode slurry, the application of the pole piece slurry, the rolling of the positive and negative electrode sheets, the production of the positive and negative electrodes, and the assembly of the battery. Each process will affect the process. Power battery performance.
However, at present, it is difficult for power battery manufacturers to control the details of each process to achieve high consistency. Taking the preparation of positive and negative electrode slurry as an example, the material ratio and solid-liquid ratio are inaccurate, and the raw material consistency is poor, resulting in the active material, conductive agent and binder not being mixed and uniformly dispersed in the correct proportion; different environments and different The stirring process, stirring speed, stirring temperature, stirring time, etc. all affect the dispersibility of the slurry. Moreover, from the current state of the art, even if these conditions are strictly controlled, it is difficult to maintain the same properties of fluid mechanics.
Recommendation: Develop a large-scale intelligent manufacturing roadmap for power batteries, including research on battery manufacturing processes, manufacturing methods, manufacturing equipment, etc.; establish power battery manufacturing standards and equipment standards; and develop special technologies for supporting semi-solid, solid-state, lithium-sulfur batteries and equipment. the study.
Pain point four
Battery manufacturing equipment technology gap
At present, there is a big gap between domestic power battery manufacturing equipment and foreign manufacturing equipment, including accuracy, speed, reliability, unmanned, visual, information, etc. This has a certain relationship with the overall level of industrialization in China. Taking the coating machine as an example, the domestic coating machine needs to be improved in both accuracy and speed. The coating speed of imported equipment is about 80m/min, while the domestic equipment is basically stable at the level of 20-30m/min. Larger gap.
In addition, the gap between domestic and foreign manufacturing equipment has also made some domestic power battery systems more inclined to international procurement in the selection of equipment, while ignoring the research and development of manufacturing equipment technology, thus forming a vicious circle.
Recommendation: Carry out large-scale, continuous manufacturing technology and equipment research and development, special promotion, unified planning equipment research and development and manufacturing. Equipment manufacturing enterprises should increase investment in research and development, adhere to independent intellectual property rights, and fully communicate when designing equipment, use upstream and downstream resources, clarify development goals, fully consider the failure cost in the whole life cycle, and make full use of modeling and simulation. Analysis, emphasis on mechanism research.
Pain point five
Low level of automation in power battery production
At present, the production scale of power battery systems is difficult to meet the goal of reaching 5 million new energy vehicles in 2020. The main reason is that the product design and manufacturing process technology of domestic power batteries are not fully mature, especially the key production process design of battery modules. Mature, insufficient verification, low pass rate, and difficult to achieve online automatic testing and quality tracking. Therefore, the production of power battery systems is still dominated by semi-automation, and only a few battery manufacturers have realized the automated production of power battery modules or modules. From the market point of view, from the second half of 2015, China's power battery system began to explode, the market demand in the early stage was insufficient, and there were many types of products and frequent changes, resulting in insufficient scale effect. The company did not invest in automated production equipment. .
Recommendation: Take "process inspection and information management" as the core, and take quality control as the priority to accelerate the process of automated production.
Pain point six
Cross-industry and intra-industry collaboration is not strong
In some specific aspects of the power battery industry, cross-industry and cross-field collaboration is very urgent. Taking the use of power battery ladders as an example, the use of ladders involves many fields and industries, including the production of power batteries, the use of new energy vehicles, and the fields of electricity, energy storage, electric bicycles, automobiles, etc. Recycling of materials. Therefore, the recycling of power batteries requires cooperation between related industries and fields.
Second, there are also insufficient assistance between different types of participating entities and enterprises within China's power battery industry. For example, in the development process of the negative electrode material of the power battery, it is difficult for the negative electrode material to increase the capacity only by the R&D enterprise itself. If it is developed in cooperation with battery materials companies such as power battery companies and cathode materials, the process of increasing capacity becomes relatively easy. The reality is that the cooperation between the anode material companies and the power battery companies and other battery materials companies is insufficient. There are similar issues of insufficient synergy in other different companies within the power battery industry.
Recommendations: Battery companies, BMS R&D companies, battery pack systems PACK companies, equipment companies, testing centers and vehicle companies will join forces to strengthen supply chain coordination and give full play to their respective strengths and strengths.
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