In recent years, China's spare parts industry has maintained a high-speed growth trend. The total output value of the automobile industry accounts for a higher proportion of the country's total industrial output value, rising from 4.11% in 1998 to 5.64% in 2002. The proportion of parts and components industry, which is an important part of the automobile industry, is gradually increasing in the total output value of the automobile industry. It has not only stimulated the development of upstream products industries such as metallurgy, rubber, fuels, energy, machinery, and plastic products, but also has driven the development of downstream product industries such as finance, insurance, commerce and social services, transportation, and tourism. As of the end of 2003, the number of employees in the parts and components industry reached 12.56 million.
From a time point of view, the four stages of the development of China's auto parts industry have shown a continuous succession, but in different stages, the dominant forces in promoting the development of the parts industry are different. In the rise stage and the fluctuation stage, the driving force for the growth of the parts and components industry mainly comes from the supply side, including the market-oriented reforms of production enterprises and the opening up to the outside world; and the main driving forces in the transitional and adjustment stage mainly come from the demand side and come from the consumption structure of residents. Changes and upgrades - Upgrading from consumption of home appliances and telecommunications products to the consumption of transportation products. It should be said that it is the upsurge of growth driven by demand in the first two phases that has only established the booming development of the parts and components industry in recent years. What needs to be pointed out is that the changes in the fourth stage have more significant impact on the development of parts industry and its growth mechanism. Because at this stage, the strategic investment of multinational corporations has not only simply used China's low-cost advantages, increased supply, but also involved the division of labor and transfer of international industries.
The external demand of the international market has also become a key factor affecting the growth of the parts and components industry, forming a situation in which both domestic demand and external demand affect the development of the industry, rather than the pattern of relying primarily on domestic demand to stimulate growth in previous years. It requires that China's parts and components industry must realize the transition from an internal recycling industry relying on domestic resources to an international one; the industrial development policy must also be changed from a purely supply-side bilateral policy of supply and demand.
With the intensification of global competition, the auto parts industry in the developed countries of the world has undergone new changes. Correspondingly, China's auto parts industry will also show the following trends:
Parts industry will keep pace with the automotive industry
The progress of the development of the auto parts industry in the world's major automobile-producing countries shows that the parts industry and the auto industry are basically developing at the same time. The United States and Europe spare parts industry is also ahead of the auto industry, Japan, South Korea auto parts industry lags behind the auto industry, but after taking measures, it catches up. China's experience has also shown that the construction of a vehicle factory will not guarantee the timely supply of parts and components if it fails to produce components, which will restrict the development of the vehicle factory. If a large number of imported parts and components are used for a long time, it will not only cost a lot of foreign exchange, but it will also be difficult for the auto industry to be in a strong position. Therefore, we must not only pay attention to the development of vehicle production and ignore the production of parts and components. We need to place parts and vehicles in a position of simultaneous development.
When vehicle manufacturers develop new products, component manufacturers can not only reduce the manpower and material resources of vehicle manufacturers, but also shorten the development cycle, and at the same time can form a close-knit, coordinated operational partnership with the vehicle manufacturers. Group advantage.
Industrial restructuring through mergers, acquisitions, acquisitions, etc. The trend of corporate restructuring has strengthened. In recent years, as major auto companies have reformed their supply systems, auto parts companies have become prevalent in mergers and acquisitions. For example, Germany’s Bosch Corporation expanded its scale by acquiring the joint company’s anti-lock braking division. In our country, if we want to manage the problems of scattered and unbalanced parts and poor economic efficiency of the parts and components industry, we must take advantage of the strength of the market economy, make full use of the effects of economies of scale, and, under the guidance of the country’s macroeconomic policies, selectively support a considerable scale. The backbone component enterprises with certain strengths in terms of products and technologies, through asset allocation, mergers, equity participation, and controlling, and other companies with certain advantages, form large-scale component enterprise groups to improve the economies and economies of scale of the component industries. strength. Only in this way can the parts and components companies continue to expand their capabilities, improve product development capabilities, system development, and system supply, while shortening the development cycle and providing quality and cheap products.
The independence and divestment between parts companies and automakers has prompted the global parts supply system to evolve into a pagoda-shaped structure. At present, many auto automakers in the world continue to reduce auto parts production rates and reduce the number of collaboration plants and implement global production. The strategy of global procurement has changed from the original purchase of multiple parts manufacturers to the procurement of a few system suppliers; the transition from single parts procurement to module procurement; and the shift from domestic procurement to global procurement. These changes have effectively promoted the independence and divestment between parts and components companies and vehicle companies. Vehicle companies globally purchase the necessary parts and components. Whoever buys a product with a good quality and low price does not have to stick to the original company's parts and components companies. In this case, in order to gain the advantages of negotiation, the parts and components companies have a closer cooperation relationship, which makes the global parts supply system gradually evolve toward the pagoda structure.
The speed of technological progress will accelerate, and the globalization trend will increase the number of anti-dumping complaints faced by parts exporters. At present, major auto parts manufacturers have applied aerospace, aviation, and electronics technologies to auto parts and assemblies. Safety technologies, power technologies, energy-saving technologies, and environmental protection technologies are widely used in automobiles. In particular, the new technologies represented by electronic information technologies are not only widely used in automotive products, but also extend to development and design, trial production, production, and management. In addition, with the continuous increase in the number of imported vehicles, the continuous improvement of the technology level of imported vehicles will also promote the improvement of the level of parts and components in China.
In terms of business scope, in order to further reduce costs and occupy the market, many multinational companies in the world's auto parts industry have all developed toward internationalization. European parts and components manufacturers have turned to overseas investment; North American parts manufacturers have also invested in Europe, intending to occupy the rapidly expanding Eastern European market; and Japan's spare parts companies have also established their own branch production facilities worldwide. At the same time, foreign technical barriers faced in the export of parts and components in China and foreign anti-dumping complaints against auto parts will also increase.
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