During the operation of the CNC machine tool, along with the conversion of electromagnetic energy, it is directly affected by the electromagnetic environment of the environment, which directly affects its own reliability. The main sources of electromagnetic interference sources and their introduction into CNC systems are as follows:
(1) Electromagnetic interference. Many electrical equipment such as high-power high-frequency generators and power electronic converters generate strong high-frequency electromagnetic waves that interfere with the numerical control device in the form of radiation.
(2) Static interference. Electrostatic discharge can cause malfunction of the numerical control equipment. In severe cases, the digital logic circuit is damaged. Generally, discharge on the metal casing of the control equipment is an extremely common electrostatic discharge phenomenon. The discharge current generates an electric field or a magnetic field through the metal casing, and is coupled to a power line or other signal line in the casing through a distributed impedance to form interference to the numerical control system.
(3) Instantaneous interference. When switching between a capacitor or an inductive circuit, when there is a large change in the high-frequency voltage or current, an interference to the numerical control system occurs instantaneously.
(4) Common impedance noise. The circuit of the electronic equipment is usually referenced to the system power supply, and the common zero line of the power supply has distributed parameters. When a current flows, a voltage drop occurs, which is especially serious in transients, and may cause errors and even cause malfunction of the numerical control system.
(5) Long-line reflection. The length of the lead is not isolated, which makes the CNC system generate an error signal; improper handling of the high-frequency pulse signal can also cause distortion of the relevant waveform of the CNC system.
(6) Crosstalk. Due to the mutual inductance between the lines and the presence of capacitance, interference will occur between adjacent signal lines of the numerical control system.
(7) Interference caused by the power supply and the ground. The wire diameter of the power supply and the ground wire is too small or the layout is unreasonable, and the signal may be distorted or cross-interference, which affects the reliability of the numerical control system.
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