Although the UPS power supply uses a lead-acid maintenance-free battery , it does not mean that maintenance is not required at all. In order to maintain the good operation of the UPS power supply, personnel need to carry out regular maintenance and repair, which will involve the hazard of the battery. Here we introduce The hazards of several lead-acid batteries:
The harmful substances in the production of lead-acid batteries include lead, sulfuric acid, carbon black, sulfur, and asphalt. Among them, the most exposed to lead and sulfuric acid, these two substances are also very serious to the operator. At present, lead poisoning, carbon black pneumoconiosis and dental acid erosion have been included in the list of statutory occupational diseases.
1. Lead intrusion pathways and hazards
The route of invasion of lead and its compounds is mainly the respiratory tract, followed by the digestive tract, and intact skin cannot be absorbed.
Respiratory tract: usually in the form of steam, smoke and dust, the amount of lead inhaled varies with the size of the dust particles, such as dust particles at a rate of 54% at 0.27μm. In general, most of the inhaled lead is still exhaled, and only 35% to 50% is absorbed into the body.
Digestive tract: mainly from the lead working place to eat and drink.
Lead has toxic effects on various parts of the human body. Simply speaking, the toxic effect of lead is that lead can cause hemoglobin synthesis disorder, which can cause anemia; it can also cause vasospasm and cause some obvious symptoms of lead poisoning, such as Abdominal colic, toxic encephalopathy, nerve palsy, etc. Abdominal angina can be accompanied by retinal arteriolar spasm and high blood pressure, suffering from pale, so-called "lead capacity", which is caused by skin vasoconstriction. Lead toxic encephalopathy is an hypertension caused by cerebral vasospasm, cerebral edema, and brain edema. The most common symptoms after lead poisoning are neurasthenia, gastrointestinal dyspepsia, paralysis and toxic encephalopathy, such as short-term exposure to high concentrations of lead can cause severe abdominal cramps and poisoning hepatitis.
2. Intrusion pathway and harm of sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid is the main route of invasion. Sulfuric acid mist is inhaled by the respiratory tract, causing damage to the operator's teeth and upper respiratory fatigue. At present, it is listed as a dental acid disease in the list of legal occupational diseases. Although the sensitivity of the respiratory tract is not included in the statutory occupational diseases, it should also be concerned.
3. Intrusion pathways and hazards of carbon black and asphalt
Carbon black is mainly harmful to the human body through the respiratory tract and skin. Long-term inhalation of carbon black in the human body, fibrotic lesions in the lungs, lung tissue gradually harden, loss of normal respiratory function, resulting in carbon black pneumoconiosis (a type of legal occupational disease). When the particle size of carbon black dust is 0.5~5μm, it is the most harmful to the human body, and it is irritating to the skin when it is seriously polluted.
Asphalt smoke and dust can cause poisoning through the respiratory tract and skin, causing dermatitis, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, chest tightness, palpitations, headache and other symptoms. "3,4 benzopyrene" contained in asphalt smoke can cause skin cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer and esophageal cancer.
The morphological characteristics of the pests are distributed
1. Morphological characteristics of harmful substances
All production processes of lead-acid battery manufacturers produce harmful substances mainly composed of lead dust and lead smoke to varying degrees, and a small part of the process also has sulfuric acid mist overflow.
Lead (Pb), grayish white metal, atomic weight is 207.20, specific gravity is 11.34, melting point is 327.5 ° C, boiling point is 1620 ° C. When heated to 400-500 ° C, a large amount of lead vapor escapes and rapidly oxidizes into oxidation in air. Lead, and agglomerate into soot. Lead compound dust, such as lead oxide (also known as Huangdan, Mito), lead tetraoxide (also known as red Dan), lead dioxide, lead trioxide, lead sulfide, lead sulfate, etc. Dissipated into the air.
When the temperature of the battery plate with dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte can reach 40 to 50 ° C during the charging process, the sulfuric acid vapor overflows. When the charging process enters the middle and late stages, a large amount of bubbles will appear in the charging tank, and the electrolyte will be in a "boiling state". At this time, the evaporation of sulfuric acid mist is the largest.
Asphalt is a brown-black organic gelatinous substance, including natural asphalt, petroleum asphalt, shale asphalt and tar pitch. The main components are asphaltenes and resins, followed by high boiling mineral oils and small amounts of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Among the four kinds of asphalt, tar oil is the most harmful. When the asphalt is heated to a liquid state, a large amount of flue gas is generated, and the carcinogen "3, 4 benzopyrene" is as high as 2.5% to 3.5%, and is volatilized together with the flue gas at the time of high temperature treatment.
Carbon black is a lead-acid battery lead paste additive, which appears in the form of light dust, and its particle size is generally below 1 μm.
2. Distribution of harmful substances
Due to the different design forms of the production process of lead-acid batteries and the use of toxic and harmful raw materials, it is decided to produce different harmful substances in different production processes.
(1) Lead smoke is one of the most harmful forms of lead-containing substances to operators. In the lead-acid battery production process, the lead alloy preparation, grid manufacturing, lead parts manufacturing, casting ball (or dicing), chemical welding, pole group welding, terminal welding and other processes are mainly based on the harmfulness of lead smoke. The parts where the welding lead smoke is generated in each welding process are often in front of the operator, and the high-concentration lead smoke is easily inhaled directly by the operator. At the same time, lead smoke can remain in the air for a poorly ventilated workshop for a long time. The current state of the art is more difficult to treat lead smoke than other forms of lead-containing hazardous substances.
(2) Lead dust production process
Lead dust is another form of lead-containing material that poses a hazard to the operator and can enter the body through the respiratory and esophagus. Its production source is mainly distributed in the production of lead powder, and paste, coating, powder filling, inserting board, sub-board, and group matching. The dust-producing method mainly causes the lead-containing dust to overflow into the air due to vibration. When the ventilation and dust-removing equipment in the production place runs poorly, the dust on the surface of the ground or equipment can form secondary dust.
(3) Asphalt smoke production process
Asphalt smoke is produced in the preparation of lead-acid battery rubber separator additive, battery tank sealing glue preparation and battery sealing glue burning operation. Since the asphalt does not easily flow during the melting process, the thermal conductivity is poor. Stirring is required during the heating process, especially when the hand is stirred, the operator will inhale a large amount of bitumen smoke.
(4) Production process of carbon black dust
Carbon black dust is mainly produced during the configuration of lead powder accessories. When the ingredients are moved, weighed and stirred, a large amount of light carbon black dust will be hit. Secondly, in the process of adding and adding the paste, the carbon black-containing auxiliary material dust will overflow.
Management measures
(1) Improve the organization and management system and provide special personnel. A sound management organization and the necessary special management personnel are prerequisites for enterprises to implement occupational health and safety management. The lead-acid battery manufacturer shall set up the management organization and equip the necessary special personnel in accordance with the requirements of the “Pulse Production Methodâ€.
Occupational health and safety management rules and regulations are the basis for the implementation of special management. The perfect rules and regulations should include the responsibility system, management behavior requirements, operational behavior requirements and equipment operation requirements, etc., and should be updated regularly according to the production status of the enterprise.
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